Besondere geschlechterspezifische Unterschiede von HIIT im Gesundheitssport auf Herzkreislaufparameter und Körperzusammensetzung

Zusammenfassung

HIIT ist seit vielen Jahren eine beliebte Trainingsform, um die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit sowie die Körperzusammensetzung zu verbessern. Ziel dieses Artikels ist, einen Überblick über die Unterschiede in den Anpassungen an HIIT zwischen Männern und Frauen in Bezug auf Herzkreislaufparameter und die Körperzusammensetzung zu geben. So zeigt sich, dass die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme (VO₂peak) bei Frauen durch HIIT ebenso effektiv gesteigert werden kann, wie in vielen Studien mit Männern bereits dargestellt wurde. Interessanterweise deuten aber einige Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass die zugrundliegenden Mechanismen der Steigerung der VO₂peak zwischen Männern und Frauen unterschiedlich sein könnten. Weiterhin führt HIIT zu einer Abnahme des Körpergewichts und der Fettmasse in erster Linie bei jungen Frauen vor der Menopause. Obwohl bei manchen Anpassungsmechanismen an HIIT geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bestehen, führt HIIT auch bei Frauen zu nahezu den gleichen positiven Effekten, wie sie für Männer in einer Vielzahl von Studien bereits nachgewiesen werden konnten. Zukünftige Studien sollten daher rein weibliche Kohorten untersuchen, um hier die Wissenslücke weiter zu schließen.

Abstract

For many years, HIIT has been a popular form of exercise for improving physical performance and body composition. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the differences in adaptations to HIIT between men and women in terms of cardiovascular parameters and body composition. This shows that the maximum oxygen uptake (VO₂peak) in women can be increased just as effectively by HIIT as has already been shown in many studies with men. Interestingly, however, some results suggest gender-specific differences in the underlying mechanisms of increasing VO₂peak. Furthermore, HIIT leads to a decrease in body weight and fat mass primarily in young women before menopause. Gender-specific differences are present in some adaptation mechanisms to HIIT. Nonetheless, HIIT also leads to almost the same positive effects in women as for men as demonstrated in numerous studies. However, there is a knowledge gap that should be closed by specific future studies that examine female cohorts.

Stichworte

Frauen - Körpergewicht - Maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme - Menopause.

Key words

women - body weight - maximum oxygen uptake - menopause.

Publication History

Received: 18 March 2022

Accepted: 04 May 2022

Article published online:
09 August 2022

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