Einfluss von Medikamenten auf das EEG: Eine Übersicht

Zusammenfassung

Eine Vielzahl von Präparaten mit Einfluss auf das zentrale Nervensystem, insbesondere Medikamente, die zur Standard-Therapie auf neurologischen Intensiv- und Überwachungsstationen gehören, haben einen Einfluss auf den elektroenzephalograhischen (EEG) Befund. Diese Effekte reichen von geringen Einflüssen auf Grundrhythmus und EEG-Amplituden bis zur Auslösung von epileptiformer Aktivität und Anfallsmustern. Kenntnisse über die zu erwartenden Veränderungen sind daher relevant, um neben krankheitsassoziierten Auffälligkeiten im Rahmen der Differentialdiagnostik auch medikamentöse Ursachen bedenken zu können und etwaige therapeutische Konsequenzen einzuleiten. In dem vorliegenden Übersichtartikel werden neben Einflüssen von Analgosedierung und antikonvulsiven Medikamenten auch Effekte von Neuroleptika, Antidepressiva, Immunsuppressiva sowie Antibiotika auf das EEG diskutiert.

Abstract

A large number of drugs active at the central nervous system, especially drugs that are part of the standard therapy in neurological intensive care units and monitoring wards, influence the electroencephalography (EEG). These effects range from minor influences on the basic rhythm and amplitudes to epileptiform activity and seizures. Thus, the knowledge of the changes to be expected is relevant in order to be able to also take drug-related causes into account besides disease-associated abnormalities in the course of differential diagnosis and to be able to evaluate therapeutic consequences. In addition to the EEG changes caused by analgesic sedation and anticonvulsants, the present review article also describes the influence of neuroleptic and antidepressant medication, immunosuppressants and antibiotics hereunto.

Schlüsselwörter

Elektroenzephalographie - Medikamenteneffekte - Antikonvulsiva - Analgosedierung - Enzephalopathie

Key words

electroencephalography - drug effects - antiseizure medication - analgesic sedation - encephalopathy

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