Das wachsende Interesse an Breast Implant Illness und dessen Einfluss auf das Verhalten der Patientinnen

Zusammenfassung

Breast Implant Illness (BII) bezeichnet eine Reihe von unspezifischen, systemischen Symptomen, von denen angenommen wird, dass sie mit Brustimplantaten in Verbindung stehen. Zu den BII-Symptomen gehören unter anderem Müdigkeit, Haarausfall, Hautausschläge, oder chronische Schmerzen. Schlüssige Beweise für einen kausalen Zusammenhang zwischen Silikonimplantaten und BII fehlen jedoch nach wie vor. In Anbetracht der jüngsten Erkenntnisse, dass texturierte Implantate in seltenen Fällen zu einem Brustimplantat-assoziierten, anaplastischen Großzell-Lymphom (BIA-ALCL) führen können, ist ein möglicher Zusammenhang zwischen Brustimplantaten und BII denkbar und rechtfertigt weitere Untersuchungen. Wir beobachten eine steigende Anzahl von Patientinnen, die aufgrund systemischer Symptome im Zusammenhang mit Brustimplantaten Beratung und Behandlung ersuchen, was sich in einem zunehmenden Interesse in der Literatur und den sozialen Medien widerspiegelt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, das wachsende Interesse an BII zu untersuchen. Wir beschreiben die klinischen Merkmale einer Patientin, die unter Symptomen leidet, die mit BII vereinbar sind und kontextualisieren die klinische Präsentation mit der aktuellen Datenlage.

Abstract

Breast implant illness (BII) is a loosely defined term for a collection of non-specific systemic symptoms that are hypothesised to be associated with breast implants. BII symptoms include fatigue, hair loss, rashes, chronic pain, and others. However, conclusive evidence for a causal relationship between silicone implants and BII remains lacking. In the light of recent findings that textured implants can, in rare cases, lead to breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), a potential link between breast implants and BII is conceivable and justifies further investigation. We observe a growing number of patients seeking consultation and treatment for systemic symptoms related to breast implants, which is reflected in increasing interest in literature and social media. The aim of this work was to investigate the growing interest in BII. We now describe the clinical features of a patient who suffers from symptoms that are consistent with BII and contextualise clinical presentation in a review of literature and google trend analysis.

Schlüsselwörter

Brustimplantate - Soziale Medien - Mammaaugmentation - Brustchirurgie

Key words

breast implant illness - bii - silicone implant incompatibility syndrome - social media - implant removal

Publication History

Received: 31 March 2022

Accepted: 11 July 2022

Article published online:
07 November 2022

• Literatur

• 1 Colas A, Curtis J. Silicone biomaterials: History and chemistry. Silicone Biomater Hist Chem 2004; 80-86
• 2 ISAPS. International Survey on Aesthetic/Cosmetic Procedures performed in 2018. ISAPS Int Surv Aesthetic/Cosmetic Proced 2018; 1-49
• 3 de Boer M, van Leeuwen FE, Hauptmann M. et al. Breast Implants and the Risk of Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma in the Breast. JAMA Oncol 2018; 4: 335-341 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.4510.
• 4 Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA. et al. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood 2016; 127: 2375-2390 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-643569.
• 5 de Faria Castro Fleury E, Jasmin Huanca Bernal K, Lucena Miranda Madeiro A. et al. Side effects in breast implants related to radiotherapy in breast cancer reconstructive surgery. Tech Innov & patient Support Radiat Oncol 2021; 18: 8-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.tipsro.2021.03.001.
• 6 Tang SYQ, Israel JS, Poore SO. et al. Facebook Facts: Breast Reconstruction Patient-Reported Outcomes Using Social Media. Plast Reconstr Surg 2018; 141: 1106-1113 DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000004275.
• 7 Katsnelson JY, Spaniol JR, Buinewicz JC. et al. Outcomes of Implant Removal and Capsulectomy for Breast Implant Illness in 248 Patients. Plast Reconstr surgery Glob open 2021; 9: e3813 DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003813.
• 8 risks-and-complications-breast-implants @ https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/breast-implants/risks-and-complications-breast-implants (Accessibility verified June 1st 2022)
• 9 Sánchez-Guerrero J, Colditz GA, Karlson EW. et al. Silicone Breast Implants and the Risk of Connective-Tissue Diseases and Symptoms. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1666-1670 DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199506223322502.
• 10 Gabriel SE, O’Fallon WM, Kurland LT. et al. Risk of Connective-Tissue Diseases and Other Disorders after Breast Implantation. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1697-1702 DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199406163302401.
• 11 Nyrén O, Yin L, Josefsson S. et al. Risk of connective tissue disease and related disorders among women with breast implants: a nation-wide retrospective cohort study in Sweden. BMJ 1998; 316: 417-422 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.316.7129.417.
• 12 Edworthy SM, Martin L, Barr SG. et al. A clinical study of the relationship between silicone breast implants and connective tissue disease. J Rheumatol 1998; 25: 254-260
• 13 Kjøller K, Friis S, Signorello LB. et al. Health Outcomes in Offspring of Danish Mothers With Cosmetic Breast Implants. Ann Plast Surg 2002; 48: 238-245
• 14 Dush DM. Breast implants and illness: a model of psychological factors. Ann Rheum Dis 2001; 60: 653-657 DOI: 10.1136/ard.60.7.653.
• 15 Montemurro P, Porcnik A, Hedén P. et al. The influence of social media and easily accessible online information on the aesthetic plastic surgery practice: literature review and our own experience. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2015; 39: 270-277 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-015-0454-3.
• 16 Tang SYQ, Israel JS, Afifi AM. Breast Implant Illness: Symptoms, Patient Concerns, and the Power of Social Media. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 140
• 17 Adidharma W, Latack KR, Colohan SM. et al. Breast Implant Illness: Are Social Media and the Internet Worrying Patients Sick?. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 145
• 18 Netscher DT. Aesthetic outcome of breast implant removal in 85 consecutive patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 2004; 113: 1057-1059 DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000105686.02437.74.
• 19 Netscher DT, Sharma S, Thornby J. et al. Aesthetic outcome of breast implant removal in 85 consecutive patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997; 100: 206-219 DOI: 10.1097/00006534-199707000-00032.
• 20 Rohrich RJ, Bellamy JL, Alleyne B. Assessing Long-Term Outcomes in Breast Implant Illness: The Missing Link? A Systematic Review. Plast Reconstr Surg 9900.
• 21 Ernst J, Andree C, Germann G. „Breast implant illness“ – Fakt oder Fiktion?. J für Ästhetische Chir 2021; 14: 31-42 DOI: 10.1007/s12631-021-00249-x.
• 22 Gerzenshtein J. The Dishonesty of Referring to Total Intact Capsulectomy as „En Bloc“ Resection or Capsulectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 145: 227e-228e
• 23 McGuire PA, Deva AK, Glicksman CA. et al. Management of Asymptomatic Patients With Textured Surface Breast Implants. Aesthetic Surg J Open Forum 2019; 1 DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojz025.
• 24 Kaplan J, Rohrich R. Breast implant illness: a topic in review. Gland Surg 2021; 10: 430-443 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-231.
• 25 Afshari A, Nguyen L, Glassman GE. et al. Incidence and Preoperative Risk Factors for Major Complications After Capsulectomy: Analysis of 3,048 Patients. Aesthetic Surg J 2022; DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac004.
• 26 Tervaert JWC, Mohazab N, Redmond D. et al. Breast implant illness: scientific evidence of its existence. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18: 15-29 DOI: 10.1080/1744666X.2022.2010546.
• 27 Fischel EE, Kabat EA, Stoerk HC. et al. Suppression by cortisone of granuloma formation and antibody in guinea pigs receiving egg albumin with Freund adjuvants. J Allergy 1954; 25: 195-200 DOI: 10.1016/0021-8707(54)90178-1.
• 28 Cohen Tervaert JW, Kappel RM. Silicone implant incompatibility syndrome (SIIS): a frequent cause of ASIA (Shoenfeld’s syndrome). Immunol Res 2013; 56: 293-298 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8401-3.
• 29 Baldwin CMJ, Kaplan EN. Silicone-Induced Human Adjuvant Disease?. Ann Plast Surg 1983; 10
• 30 Shoenfeld Y, Agmon-Levin N. „ASIA“ – autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. J Autoimmun 2011; 36: 4-8 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2010.07.003.
• 31 Wolfram D, Rabensteiner E, Grundtman C. et al. T regulatory cells and TH17 cells in peri-silicone implant capsular fibrosis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2012; 129: 327e-337e DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31823aeacf.
• 32 Castro C, Fernandes D, Mendonça M. et al. Silicone-induced granuloma of breast implant capsule mimicking anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Breast J 2020; 26: 1028-1030 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13666.
• 33 Todorov TI, de Bakker E, Smith D. et al. A Case of Silicone and Sarcoid Granulomas in a Patient with „Highly Cohesive“ Silicone Breast Implants: A Histopathologic and Laser Raman Microprobe Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094526.
• 34 Watad A, Rosenberg V, Tiosano S. et al. Silicone breast implants and the risk of autoimmune/rheumatic disorders: a real-world analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47: 1846-1854 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy217.
• 35 Coroneos CJ, Selber JC, Offodile AC. et al. US FDA Breast Implant Postapproval Studies: Long-term Outcomes in 99,993 Patients. Ann Surg 2019; 269: 30-36 DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002990.
• 36 Cunningham MW. Pathogenesis of group A streptococcal infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000; 13: 470-511 DOI: 10.1128/CMR.13.3.470.
• 37 Robertson KA, Volmink JA, Mayosi BM. Antibiotics for the primary prevention of acute rheumatic fever: a meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2005; 5: 11 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-5-11.
• 38 Cooper GS, Bynum MLK, Somers EC. Recent insights in the epidemiology of autoimmune diseases: improved prevalence estimates and understanding of clustering of diseases. J Autoimmun 2009; 33: 197-207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.09.008.
• 39 Cohen Tervaert JW. Autoinflammatory/autoimmunity syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA; Shoenfeld’s syndrome): A new flame. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17: 1259-1264 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.07.003.
• 40 Wee CE, Younis J, Isbester K. et al. Understanding Breast Implant Illness, Before and After Explantation: A Patient-Reported Outcomes Study. Ann Plast Surg 2020; 85: S82-S86 DOI: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000002446.
• 41 de Boer M, Colaris M, van der Hulst RRWJ. et al. Is explantation of silicone breast implants useful in patients with complaints?. Immunol Res 2017; 65: 25-36 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8813-y.
• 42 Cohen Tervaert JW, Colaris MJ, van der Hulst RR. Silicone breast implants and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: myth or reality. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2017; 29: 348-354 DOI: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000391.