Epidemiology of injuries in elite Korean adolescent football (soccer) athletes: A prospective cohort study

Abstrct

Objectives This study attempted to analyze the injury patterns during training by sex and determine whether cardiopulmonary function and bone mineral density (BMD) were related to the patterns of injuries in elite adolescent footballers.

Methods Since 2021, data for consisted of 96 adolescent football athletes (52 men and 44 women) who underwent intensive training in Korea and participated in competitions. For cardiopulmonary function, minute ventilation (VE), volume oxygen maximum (VO2max), and ventilation threshold (VT) were measured. BMD was measured measure systemic BMD and bone mass. The injury incidence rates (IIR) per 1000 training of hours. χ2 tests were performed to compare injury patterns between sex. Simple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between variables.

Results The overall IIR was 4.80 (4.32–5.32) per 1000 h of training. Female had a higher rate than male (p=0.008). We observed differences in injury severity between men and women (p=0.040). Both the cardiopulmonary function and BMD were related to IIR in all athletes. The body regions with the most injuries were the lower extremities (52.05%), trunk (23.84%), upper extremities (16.71%), and head and neck (7.40%). Cardiopulmonary function and BMD were not related to the location of the injury. However, Cardiopulmonary function and BMD were related to the IIR of severe and ligament injury.

Conclusion The sex was found to affect rate and severity of injury. Cardiopulmonary function and BMD were related to the injury patterns. Our findings can help promote the performance improvement of elite football athletes and the development of injury prevention program.

Zusammenfassung

Ziele Diese Studie versuchte, die Verletzungsmuster während des Trainings nach Geschlecht zu analysieren und festzustellen, ob die kardiopulmonale Funktion und die Knochenmineraldichte (BMD) mit den Verletzungsmustern bei jugendlichen Elite-Fußballern zusammenhängen.

Methoden Seit 2021 wurden die Daten von 96 jugendlichen Fußballsportlern (52 Männer und 44 Frauen) erhoben, die in Korea intensiv trainiert und an Wettkämpfen teilgenommen haben. Für die kardiopulmonale Funktion wurden Atemminutenvolumen (VE), maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme (VO2max) und ventilatorische Schwelle (VT) gemessen. Für die Knochendichte wurde die systemische BMD und die Knochenmassegemessen. Zur Bestimmung der Verletzungsinzidenzraten (IIR) wurde das Poisson-Verhältnis zur Berechnung des 95-%-Konfidenzintervalls (95-%-KI) verwendet. Pearsons Korrelation und einfache lineare Regressionsanalyse wurden verwendet, um den Zusammenhang zwischen Variablen zu bewerten und Faktoren zu identifizieren, die Sportverletzungsmuster beeinflussen könnten.

Ergebnisse Die Gesamt-IIR betrug 4,80 (4,32–5,32) pro 1000 h Training. Bei allen Athleten zeigten sich sowohl zur kardiopulmonalen Funktion als auch der BMD Korrelationen zur IIR. Die Körperregionen mit den meisten Verletzungen waren die unteren Extremitäten (52,05%), der Rumpf (23,84%), die oberen Extremitäten (16,71%) sowie Kopf und Hals (7,40%). Die kardiopulmonale Funktion und die BMD zeigten keinen Zusammenhang auf den Ort der Verletzung. Die Herz-Lungen-Funktion und die BMD korrelierten zur IIR jedoch stark. Eine parallele Entwicklung zeigte sich auch für die kardiopulmonale Funktion und die BMD mit der IIR der Bandverletzungen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Analyse ergab deutliche Korrelationen der kardiopulmonalen Funktion und der BMD zur Verletzungshäufigkeit. Abnahmen von VE, VO2max, VT, BMD und Knochenmasse könnte demnach Muster von Sportverletzungen beeinflussen. Unsere Ergebnisse können möglicherweise zur Leistungssteigerung von Elite-Fußballsportlern beitragen und die Entwicklung von Programmen zur Verletzungsprävention fördern.

Keywords

football - cardiopulmonary function - bone mineral density - injury - athletes

Publication History

Received: 23 April 2022

Accepted: 29 August 2022

Article published online:
29 September 2022

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