Ebola-Virus- und Marburg-Viruserkrankung

Was ist neu?

Ebola-Viruserkrankung Während der durch die Zaire-Virusvariante hervorgerufenen Ebola-Ausbrüche wurden klinische Studien mit Impfstoffen sowie antiviralen Substanzen durchgeführt. Aktuell stehen als Therapie die monoklonalen Antikörper Atoltivimab/Maftivimab/Odesivimab (kombiniert in Inmazeb) und Ansuvimab (Ebanga) zur Verfügung. Zur präventiven Impfung und zur Prä- und Postexpositionsprophylaxe einer Ebola-Virusinfektion (Variante Zaire) sind die Ebola-Zaire-Impfstoffe rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP, lebend (Ervebo), Ebola-Zaire-Impfstoff Ad26.ZEBOV-GP, rekombinant (Zabdeno) und der Ebola-Impfstoff (MVA-BN-Filo, rekombinant (Mvabea) geeignet.

Marburg-Viruserkrankung Es gibt derzeit kein zugelassenes Medikament zur Behandlung der Marburg-Viruserkrankung. Trotz erheblicher logistischer Schwierigkeiten und der Tatsache, dass die meisten Marburg-Ausbrüche eher zu klein waren, um Impfstoffstudien zu ermöglichen, wurden von der WHO 3 Impfstoffkandidaten für eine mögliche Studie favorisiert.

Abstract

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) are serious, often fatal diseases that affect humans and non-human primates. The nomenclature of these diseases has changed in that they are now referred to as viral diseases because the previously named symptoms of fever or hemorrhages are not obligatory. In this article, the focus will be on the VHFs Ebola and Marburg viral disease with the potential for human-to-human transmission; these diseases are so-called high-consequence infectious diseases (HCID), some with considerable potential for epidemic spread and the risk of nosocomial transmission.

Schlüsselwörter

Ebolavirus - Marburgvirus - Impfung

Keywords

ebola virus - marburg virus - vaccine

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