Aufrechtes Stehen und Gehen sind bei Gesundheit so selbstverständliche
Fähigkeiten, dass sie nebenbei gelingen. Im Fall von Erkrankungen
verdeutlicht sich die Komplexität der Haltungskontrolle. Dieser Beitrag
zeigt, welche Aspekte für Gleichgewicht und Gang wichtig sind. Das
Verständnis dafür, was im Einzelfall gestört ist, bildet
die Voraussetzung für eine gezielte und erfolgreiche Therapie.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
Literatur
1
Jahn K,
Zwergal A,
Schniepp R.
Gait disturbances in old age: Classification, diagnosis, and treatment from a
neurological perspective. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2010; 107: 306-315
3
Agrawal Y,
Carey JP,
Della Santina CC.
et al.
Disorders of balance and vestibular function in US adults: Data from the
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001– 2004. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169: 938-944
5
Jahn K,
Kressig RW,
Bridenbaugh SA.
et al.
Dizziness and unstable gait in old age: Etiology, diagnosis and treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2015; 112: 387-393
14
Jahn K,
Deutschländer A,
Stephan T.
et al.
Brain activation patterns during imagined stance and locomotion in functional
magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2004; 22: 1722-1731
18
Schniepp R,
Wuehr M,
Neuhaeusser M.
et al.
Locomotion speed determines gait variability in cerebellar ataxia and vestibular
failure. Mov Disord 2012; 27: 125-131
19
Wuehr M,
Schniepp R,
Schlick C.
et al.
Sensory loss and walking speed related factors for gait alterations in patients
with peripheral neuropathy. Gait Posture 2014; 39: 852-858
20
Schniepp R,
Huppert A,
Decker J.
et al.
Fall prediction in neurological gait disorders: Differential contributions from
clinical assessment, gait analysis, and daily-life mobility monitoring. J Neurol 2021;
22
Jahn K,
Wuehr M.
Postural control mechanisms in mammals, including humans. In: Fritzsch B, Straka
H, eds. The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2020
25
Paulus WM,
Straube A,
Brandt T.
Visual stabilization of posture. Physiological stimulus characteristics and
clinical aspects. Brain 1984; 107: 1143-1163
27
Zelenin PV,
Lyalka VF,
Orlovsky GN.
et al.
Changes in activity of spinal postural networks at different time points after
spinalization. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13: 387
30
Beauchet O,
Allali G,
Annweiler C.
et al.
Association of motoric cognitive risk syndrome with brain volumes: Results from
the GAIT study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71: 1081-1088
31
Beauchet O,
Annweiler C,
Callisaya ML.
et al.
Poor gait performance and prediction of dementia: Results from a
metaanalysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016; 17: 482-490
33
Kumar A,
Delbaere K,
Zijlstra GA.
et al.
Exercise for reducing fear of falling in older people living in the community:
Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing 2016; 45: 345-352
35
Jahn K,
Freiberger E,
Eskofier BM.
et al.
Balance and mobility in geriatric patients: Assessment and treatment of
neurological aspects. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 52: 316-323
36
Trombetti A,
Hars M,
Herrmann FR.
et al.
Effect of music-based multitask training on gait, balance, and fall risk in
elderly people: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 2011; 171: 525-533
37
Bridenbaugh SA,
Kressig RW.
Motor cognitive dual tasking: Early detection of gait impairment, fall risk and
cognitive decline. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 48: 15-21