Grundlagen der Allergologie für die HNO-Sprechstunde

Allergien spielen in der täglichen Praxis von HNO-Ärzten eine zentrale Rolle. Eine nicht adäquate Behandlung kann zu verminderter Lebensqualität und Arbeitsleistung sowie zu sozioökonomisch bedeutsamen Folgeerkrankungen führen. Der Schlüssel für eine effektive Behandlung liegt neben einer ausführlichen Anamnese in einer umfassenden allergologischen Diagnostik. Allergenvermeidung und Nasenspülungen können die pharmakologische Therapie sinnvoll ergänzen.

Abstract

Allergies play a pivotal role in the daily practice of ENT specialists. Allergic symptoms induced by inhalant allergens are widespread in the population and can manifest through a wide range of symptoms, including rhinorrhea, sneezing, conjunctival redness, cough and dyspnea. Inconsistent diagnosis and treatment of allergic conditions can lead to reduced quality of life, decreased work performance, and socioeconomically significant secondary diseases. In addition to the medical history, the skin prick test and serological IgE diagnostics are the most important diagnostic procedure for detecting type-I allergies. To clarify clinical relevance, molecular diagnostics and nasal provocation testing may be employed. The key to effective treatment lies in a comprehensive allergological diagnosis coupled with a detailed patient history. General treatment recommendations such as allergen avoidance and nasal irrigation should complement pharmacological therapy. In the treatment of allergic rhinitis topical steroids are first line treatment options. The primary goal of treatment is symptom control, and if control is insufficient, causal therapy through specific allergen immunotherapy is recommended. Challenges in the ENT clinic involve selecting the necessary diagnostics and appropriate, effective treatments. Hence, using diagnostic and treatment algorithms, as well as standardized patient history questionnaires, can serve as invaluable tools in daily patient interactions, especially considering limited time availability.

Schlüsselwörter

Allergie - Allergen-Immuntherapie - nasale Provokation - intranasale Steroide

Keywords

allergy - allergen immunotherapy - nasal provocation - nasal steroids

Publication History

Article published online:
02 July 2024

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