Körperliche Inaktivität und Rückenschmerz

Zusammenfassung

Körperliche Inaktivität ist ein unabhängiger Risikofaktor für erhöhte kardiovaskuläre Mortalität, begünstigt das Entstehen diverser Krebserkrankungen und gilt auch als Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung von chronischen Schmerzen. Langanhaltende körperliche Inaktivität führt zu einem Abbau der Kraft und der (Rücken-)Muskulatur. Schwache Rückenmuskulatur ist aber nur ein Faktor, der zur Entstehung von lumbalen Rückenschmerzen (Low Back Pain, LBP) beitragen kann, da viele biopsychosoziale Faktoren dabei eine Rolle spielen.

Regelmäßiges Training und körperliche Aktivität reduzieren zwar das Risiko, einschränkenden LBP zu erfahren, aber ein Therapieerfolg wird bei LBP nicht vorrangig durch eine Verbesserung physischer Faktoren erreicht. Vielmehr spielen andere Einflussfaktoren, wie ein reduziertes Angstvermeidungsverhalten und bessere schmerzbezogene Selbstwirksamkeit, ebenso eine wichtige Rolle im Genesungsprozess.

Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, den Zusammenhang von körperlicher (In-)Aktivität und Rückenschmerzen darzustellen und die Risiken eines eindimensionalen, biomedizinischen Verständnisses, unabhängig von der Profession, zu diskutieren.

Abstract

Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for increased cardio-vascular mortality, promotes the emergence of various cancers and is also regarded as a risk factor for the development of chronic pain. Long lasting physical inactivity leads to a loss in strength and (back) muscles. However, weak back muscles are only one element that may contribute to the emergence of low back pain (LBP), since many bio-psycho-social factors play a role here.

While regular training and physical activity do reduce the risk of experiencing restricting LBP, successful LBP therapy is not primarily the result of improving physical factors. The influence of other factors, such as reduced fear avoidance behaviors and improved pain-related self-efficacy, is just as important for the recovery process.

It is the aim of this article to show the connection between physical (in-)activity and back pain – and to discuss the inherent risks of a one-dimensional biomedical understanding, regardless of profession.

Schlüsselwörter

körperliche Inaktivität - physische Dekonditionierung - Krafttraining - Kreuzschmerz - Rückenschmerz - chronische Schmerzen - Prävention - Angstvermeidungsverhalten - Selbstwirksamkeit

Key words

physical inactivity - physical deconditioning - strength training - low back pain - back pain - chronic back pain - prevention - fear avoidance behavior - self-efficacy

Publication History

Received: 07 November 2022

Accepted: 07 December 2022

Article published online:
07 September 2023

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