Prävention des Pankreaskarzinoms

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Das Pankreaskarzinom nimmt in Deutschland stetig an Häufigkeit zu und stellt aktuell die dritthäufigste tumorbedingte Todesursache dar. Voraussichtlich rückt es bis 2030 auf den 2. Platz und bis 2050 auf den 1. Platz der krebsbedingten Todesfälle vor. Das Pankreasadenokarzinom wird in der überwiegenden Mehrzahl der Fälle spät diagnostiziert und die 5-Jahre-Überlebensrate liegt nach wie vor bei nur 10 %. Zu den beeinflussbaren Risikofaktoren zählen das Tabakrauchen, ein übermäßiges Körpergewicht, der Alkoholkonsum, der Typ-2-Diabetes und das metabolische Syndrom. Der Rauchstopp und die gewollte Gewichtsabnahme (bei Adipositas) können das Pankreaskrebsrisiko um etwa 50 % reduzieren. Zudem ist die Früherkennung des sporadischen Pankreaskarzinoms im Stadium IA – nun mit einem 5-Jahre-Überleben von 80 % – bei Menschen über 50 mit neu diagnostiziertem Diabetes eine realistische Perspektive geworden. Aktuelle Entwicklungen hierzu werden kurz beschrieben.

ABSTRACT

The incidence of pancreatic cancer is rising in Germany. At present pancreatic cancer is the third commonest cause of cancer death but is expected to become the second in 2030 and finally the leading cause of cancer death in 2050. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PC) is generally diagnosed at far advanced stages and 5-year-survival has remained poor. Modifiable risk factors of PC are tobacco smoking, excess body weight, alcohol use, type 2-diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Smoking cessation and -in case of obesity-intentional weight loss can reduce PC risk by as much as 50 %. Early detection of asymptomatic sporadic PC at stage IA – stage IA-PC now has a 5-year-survival rate of about 80 % – has become a realistic chance for people older than 50 years with new-onset diabetes.

Schlüsselwörter

Früherkennung - Bauchspeicheldrüse - Krebs - Risikofaktoren

Keywords

Screening - pancreas - cancer - risk factors

Publication History

Article published online:
22 March 2024

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