Ökopharmakovigilanz

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Gegenstand und Ziel Der vorliegende Artikel verdeutlicht die Relevanz von Ökopharmakovigilanz für Gesundheitsberufe und die pharmazeutische Industrie, insbesondere im Kontext der Psychopharmakotherapie. Es wird das Vorkommen und der Einfluss pharmazeutischer Rückstände auf die Umwelt diskutiert sowie aktuelle Herausforderungen und potenzielle Lösungsansätze erörtert.

Material und Methoden Die Erstellung dieser narrativen Übersicht basiert auf einer umfangreichen Literatursuche in der bibliografischen Datenbank MEDLINE.

Ergebnisse Das Ausmaß der Belastung der Umwelt, insbesondere von Gewässern durch pharmazeutische Rückstände ist alarmierend und die genauen Auswirkungen sind unzureichend erforscht. Aufgrund der hohen Verordnungszahlen und der langwierigen biologischen Abbaubarkeit in Kombination mit ihrem Einfluss auf das Monoaminsystem sind Psychopharmaka diesbezüglich problematisch. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass Psychopharmaka in Gewässern und deren Lebewesen vorkommen und Verhaltensänderungen verursachen können. Die Auswirkungen polypharmazeutischer Verschmutzungen sind noch unklar. In Reaktion auf die dargelegten Problematiken wurden unter anderem auf europäischer Ebene erste Lösungsansätze eingeführt, deren Umsetzung und Auswirkungen jedoch zunächst abgewartet werden müssen.

Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz Die Berücksichtigung von Aspekten der Ökopharmakovigilanz bei der Verordnung von Medikamenten sollte auch in der Versorgungspraxis eine größere Rolle spielen. Es ist zum Beispiel von großer Bedeutung, Patienten über die sachgemäße Entsorgung von Arzneimittelresten zu informieren, um Umweltbelastungen zu minimieren. Weitere Studien sind erforderlich, um die Auswirkungen von Medikamentenrückständen auf die Umwelt und die Gesundheit von Mensch und Tier besser zu verstehen.

ABSTRACT

Objective This article highlights the relevance of ecopharmacovigilance for healthcare professionals and the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in the context of psychopharmacotherapy. It discusses the occurrence and impact of pharmaceutical residues on the environment, as well as current challenges and potential solutions.

Material and methods This narrative overview was compiled based on an extensive literature search in the MEDLINE bibliographic database.

Results The extent of environmental pollution, especially of water bodies by pharmaceutical residues, is already alarming, and the exact effects are still insufficiently researched. Due to high prescription rates and their prolonged biological persistence combined with their impact on the monoamine system, psychopharmaceuticals are particularly problematic. It has been proven that psychopharmaceuticals are present in water bodies and their organisms, causing behavioral changes. The effects of polypharmaceutical pollution are still unclear. In response to the presented problems, initial solutions have been introduced at the European level, but their implementation and impacts remain to be seen.

Conclusion Considering ecopharmacovigilance aspects in medication prescription should play a larger role in clinical practice. It is crucial, for example, to inform patients about the proper disposal of medication residues to minimize environmental impact. Further studies are required to better understand the effects of pharmaceutical residues on the environment and the health of humans and animals.

Schlüsselwörter

Ökopharmakovigilanz - Umweltnebenwirkungen - Nachhaltigkeit - Arzneimittelsicherheit - Pharmakovigilanz

Key words

Ecopharmacovigilance - environmental side effects - sustainability - drug safety - pharmacovigilance

Publication History

Article published online:
27 August 2024

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