Alterstraumatologie – die geriatrische Perspektive

Zusammenfassung

Die Alterstraumatologie befasst sich mit der Behandlung von Verletzungen älterer Menschen, die durch physiologische Veränderungen und chronische Erkrankungen besonders gefährdet sind. Häufige Verletzungen wie Hüftfrakturen treten oft infolge von Stürzen auf und führen zu schwerwiegenden gesundheitlichen Folgen, einschließlich erhöhter Morbidität und Mortalität. Besondere geriatrische Syndrome wie Frailty (Gebrechlichkeit), Delir und Polypharmazie stellen zusätzliche Herausforderungen dar. Frailty erhöht das Risiko für Komplikationen nach Verletzungen, während Delir, oft durch Krankenhausaufenthalte oder Medikamente ausgelöst, die Genesung erheblich beeinträchtigen kann. Eine gezielte Delirprävention ist daher essenziell, ebenso wie die frühzeitige Mobilisation, die Komplikationen reduziert und die Rehabilitation unterstützt. Die geriatrische Komplexbehandlung bietet einen interdisziplinären Ansatz, um die vielfältigen gesundheitlichen Probleme älterer Patienten umfassend zu behandeln. Dabei spielen Präventionsmaßnahmen wie Sturzabklärung und Osteoporosebehandlung eine zentrale Rolle, um das Risiko weiterer Verletzungen zu minimieren. Nach der Entlassung aus dem Krankenhaus ist eine strukturierte poststationäre Versorgung entscheidend, um eine erfolgreiche Rehabilitation und die Rückkehr in ein selbstständiges Leben zu ermöglichen. Hierbei sind Rehabilitationsprogramme, Pflegekoordination und Unterstützung durch Angehörige von großer Bedeutung.

Abstract

Geriatric traumatology deals with the treatment of injuries in older people who are particularly at risk due to physiological changes and chronic diseases. Common injuries such as hip fractures often occur as a result of falls and lead to serious health consequences, including increased morbidity and mortality. Specific geriatric syndromes such as frailty, delirium and polypharmacy pose additional challenges. Frailty increases the risk of complications following injury, while delirium, often triggered by hospitalisation or medication, can significantly impair recovery. Targeted delirium prevention is therefore essential, as is early mobilisation, which reduces complications and supports rehabilitation. Complex geriatric treatment offers an interdisciplinary approach to comprehensively treat the diverse health problems of older patients. Preventive measures such as fall assessment and osteoporosis treatment play a central role in minimising the risk of further injuries. After discharge from hospital, structured post-inpatient care is crucial to enable successful rehabilitation and a return to independent living. Rehabilitation programmes, care coordination and support from relatives are of great importance here.

Schlüsselwörter

Alterstraumatologie - Orthogeriatrie - Geriatrische Komplexbehandlung

Keywords

geriatric traumatology - orthogeriatrics - geriatric complex treatment

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 19. September 2024

Angenommen: 04. November 2024

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
10. Dezember 2024

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