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DOI: 10.1055/a-2514-1323
Impfnebenwirkungen bei der Katze
Vaccine-associated adverse events in cats
Zusammenfassung
Viele Besitzer haben Bedenken gegenüber Impfungen, besonders aus Sorge um Nebenwirkungen. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über Impfnebenwirkungen (vaccine-associated adverse events [VAAEs]), die bei Katzen beschrieben sind. Zu den bei Katzen am häufigsten beobachteten VAAEs gehören milde, unspezifische Symptome, wie ein reduziertes Allgemeinbefinden, Anorexie und eine erhöhte Körperinnentemperatur. Solche milden systemischen Reaktionen sind oft hinweisend für eine gute Immunantwort. Schwerwiegende VAAEs, wie Typ-I-Hypersensitivitätsreaktion (allergische Reaktion), sind zwar sehr selten, aber potenziell lebensbedrohlich. Sie können entweder sofort (nach wenigen Minuten) oder mit gewisser zeitlicher Verzögerung (nach mehreren Stunden) auftreten und müssen oft behandelt werden. Das Risiko für VAAEs steigt mit der Anzahl der verabreichten Impfstoffkomponenten pro Besuch. So sollte vor jeder Impfung eine Nutzen-Risiko-Analyse durchgeführt und die Anzahl der Impfungen pro Besuch sollten so gering wie möglich gehalten werden. Antikörpermessungen dienen dazu, die Notwendigkeit von Wiederholungsimpfungen, zumindest gegen Panleukopenie bei adulten Katzen, zu prüfen (Wiederholungsimpfung nur bei Fehlen von Antikörpern). Aber auch Langzeitfolgen von Impfungen spielen bei der Katze eine Rolle. Die bei der Katze gravierendste VAAE ist das feline Injektionsstellen-assoziierte Sarkom (FISS), welches sich an der Injektionsstelle nach Impfungen oder anderen Medikamenten entwickeln kann. Die Pathogenese von FISS ist noch nicht vollständig geklärt. Weiterhin konnten Studien einen gewissen Zusammenhang zwischen (häufigen) Impfungen und chronischer Nierenerkrankung bei Katzen feststellen; ein eindeutiger Kausalitätsnachweis fehlt allerdings. Aus all diesen Gründen sollte auf unnötige Impfungen verzichtet werden. Es gilt: so wenig wie möglich, aber nur so viel wie nötig zu impfen.
Abstract
Owners commonly have certain concerns about vaccinations, particularly regarding potential adverse reactions. This review presents a summary of vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs) reported in cats. The most commonly observed VAAEs in cats include mild, non-specific signs such as a mildly reduced general condition, anorexia, and increased body temperature. These mild systemic reactions commonly indicate a good immune response. Severe VAAEs, such as type I hypersensitivity reactions (allergic or anaphylactic reaction), are very rare but potentially life-threatening. They can occur either immediately (within minutes) or several hours later and usually require treatment. The risk of VAAEs increases with the number of applied vaccines per visit. Therefore, a risk-benefit analysis should be carried out for each vaccination, and the number of vaccine components per visit should be minimized. Antibody measurements can be performed to assess the need for re-vaccinations, at least against panleukopenia in adult cats (re-vaccination only if antibodies are lacking). Also, long-term reactions after vaccinations play a role in cats. The most serious VAAE in cats is the feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS), which can develop at injection sites following vaccinations (or other injections). The definitive cause of FISS is still not fully understood. Furthermore, studies have found a potential correlation between (frequent) vaccinations and chronic kidney disease in cats, although a definite causal proof is lacking. Therefore, this principle should always be followed: vaccinate as often as necessary but not more than necessary.
Schlüsselwörter
VAAE - unerwünschte Reaktionen - feline Impfung - Antikörper - Adjuvantien - aktive ImmunisierungPublication History
Received: 22 September 2024
Accepted: 06 January 2025
Article published online:
18 February 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
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