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Int J Sports Med 2025; 46(06): 412-421
DOI: 10.1055/a-2541-2768
Training & Testing

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups: a key to improved isokinetic performance

Muhammed Yıldız 
1   Vocational School of Health Services, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey (Ringgold ID: RIN187431)
,
Mehmet Çebi
2   Department of Recreation, Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, Samsun, Turkey (Ringgold ID: RIN37139)
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Abstract

This study examined the immediate effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups on isokinetic strength, endurance, and body balance in 50 football players. Data collection spanned four sessions, each separated by full rest. The isokinetic strength of the hip, knee, and ankle flexion and extension was measured using a dynamometer at 60°/s, 180°/s, and 240°/s. Endurance was assessed at 240°/s through 25 repetitions, analyzing peak torque changes. On the first day, participants performed general warm-ups followed by balance and strength tests. Subsequent sessions repeated these tests with additional measurements. Results showed that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups significantly improved the static and dynamic balance compared to other methods. Peak torque measurements at all speeds also highlighted the superior effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups. Additionally, this warm-up approach provided greater acute enhancement in knee joint isokinetic endurance. In conclusion, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups increased the isokinetic strength, endurance, and balance in football players. Incorporating proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation warm-ups into football training especially for lower body preparation is recommended. Combining them with active warm-ups may further boost acute performance.

Keywords

PNF - isokinetic strength - balance - endurance - warm-up


Publication History

Received: 28 January 2025

Accepted: 14 February 2025

Article published online:
19 March 2025

© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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