Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000028.xml
Int J Sports Med
DOI: 10.1055/a-2563-0323
DOI: 10.1055/a-2563-0323
Review
Unlocking the power of set pieces in men’s professional football – a scoping review
Hugo Sarmento
1
University of Coimbra, CIPER, FCDEFUC, Coimbra,
Portugal (Ringgold ID: RIN37829)
,
José Afonso
2
Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and
Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto,
Portugal (Ringgold ID: RIN224740)
,
3
Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico
de Viana do Castelo Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Melgaco,
Portugal (Ringgold ID: RIN386417)
4
Sport Physical Activity and Health Research &
Innovation Center, Instituto Politecnico de Viana do Castelo Escola Superior de
Desporto e Lazer, Melgaço, Portugal (Ringgold ID: RIN386417)
5
Department of Biomechanics and Sport Engineering, Gdansk
University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland (Ringgold ID: RIN74802)
,
Élvio Rúbio Gouveia
6
Department of Physical Education and Sport, University
of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal (Ringgold ID: RIN56057)
7
LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal,
Portugal
,
Nestor Ordoñez-Saavedra
8
Research Group in Sports Science and Physical Activity,
Faculty of Health Sciences, Sports Science Program, University of Applied and
Environmental Sciences, Bogota, Colombia (Ringgold ID: RIN157898)
,
9
N2i, Instituto Politécnico da Maia; Universidade da
Maia, Universidade da Maia, Maia, Portugal (Ringgold ID: RIN112130)
,
Joel Barrera
1
University of Coimbra, CIPER, FCDEFUC, Coimbra,
Portugal (Ringgold ID: RIN37829)
,
Adam Field
10
Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of
Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland (Ringgold ID: RIN5289)
,
1
University of Coimbra, CIPER, FCDEFUC, Coimbra,
Portugal (Ringgold ID: RIN37829)
7
LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, Funchal,
Portugal
› Author Affiliations
Abstract
Set pieces represent a crucial moment in football analysis but have yet to receive as much attention as other football moments or physical and physiological elements. This systematic review summarized the literature surrounding set-pieces in professional football players. The studies were included if the sample comprised adult male football players competing in tiers 3–5, and set pieces were examined (i.e., penalties, corners, free kicks, and throw-ins). A total of 95 studies met the eligibility criteria. Most studies investigated penalties (44%) and corners (20%), while free-kicks and throw-ins have not yet been examined extensively. Characteristics of penalty kickers, penalty placement, goalkeepers’ actions and contextual factors affected the accuracy of penalties. Corners’ success was dependent on the type of delivery (i.e., inswing or outswing), the number of players in the penalty area and contextual factors. Constraints associated with the task, individual and environment were associated with the execution of free kicks. Throw-ins seemed essential to keep the ball in possession, although the literature was scarce. The characteristics of set pieces should take into account the defensive organization of the opposing team, as they are particularly important for creating goal-scoring opportunities and influencing the match result.
Publication History
Received: 21 July 2024
Accepted after revision: 14 March 2025
Article published online:
11 April 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
-
References
- 1 Carling C, Reilly T, Williams A. Performance assessment for field sports. London: Routledge; 2009
- 2 Davids K, Gullich A, Shuttleworth R. et al. Understanding environmental and task constraints on talent development. Baker J, Cobley S, Schorer J, Wattie N. Routledge handbook of talent identification and development in sport. London: Routledge; 2017: 192-206
- 3 Sarmento H, Clemente FM, Afonso J. et al. Match Analysis in Team Ball Sports: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Sports Med Open 2022; 8: 66
- 4 Sarmento H, Marcelino R, Anguera MT, CampaniÇo J, Matos N, LeitÃo JC. Match analysis in football: A systematic review. J Sports Sci 2014; 32: 1831-1843
- 5 Passos P, Araújo D, Volossovitch A. Performance analysis in team sports. London and New York: Routledge; 2017
- 6 Sarmento H, Clemente FM, Araújo D, Davids K, McRobert A, Figueiredo A. What Performance Analysts Need to Know About Research Trends in Association Football (2012-2016): A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2018; 48: 799-836
- 7 Clemente FM, Ramirez-Campillo R, Afonso J, Sarmento H. Effects of Small-Sided Games vs. Running-Based High-intensity Interval Training on Physical Performance in Soccer Players: A Meta-Analytical Comparison. Front Physiol 2021; 12: 642703
- 8 Silva JR, Rumpf MC, Hertzog M. et al. Acute and Residual Soccer Match-Related Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2018; 48: 539-583
- 9 Silva JR. The soccer season: Performance variations and evolutionary trends. PeerJ 2022; 10: 14082
- 10 Manuel Clemente F, Ramirez-Campillo R, Nakamura FY, Sarmento H. Effects of high-intensity interval training in men soccer player’s physical fitness: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized-controlled and non-controlled trials. J Sports Sci 2021; 39: 1202-1222
- 11 Bradley PS, Sheldon W, Wooster B, Olsen P, Boanas P, Krustrup P. High-intensity running in English FA Premier League soccer matches. J Sports Sci 2009; 27: 159-68
- 12 Lago-Peñas C, Kalén A, Lorenzo-Martinez M, López-Del Campo R, Resta R, Rey E. Do elite soccer players cover longer distance when losing? Differences between attackers and defenders. Int J Sports Sci Coach 2021; 16: 840-847
- 13 Andrzejewski M, Pluta B, Konefał M, Konarski J, Chmura J, Chmura P. Activity profile in elite Polish soccer players. Res Sports Med 2019; 27: 473-484
- 14 Sarmento H, Martinho DV, Gouveia ÉR. et al. The Influence of Playing Position on Physical, Physiological, and Technical Demands in Adult Male Soccer Matches: A Systematic Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map. Sports Med 2024; 54: 2841-2864
- 15 Lago-Peñas C, García-Calvo T, López del Campo R, Resta R, Ponce-Bordón JC. Match running performance is similar in lower and higher competitive standards of Spanish professional soccer accounting for effective playing time. Biol Sport 2024; 41: 39-46
- 16 Morgans R, Kweon D, Ryan B. et al. Playing position and match location affect the number of high-intensity efforts more than the quality of the opposition in elite football players. Biol Sport 2024; 41: 29-37
- 17 Morgans R, Radnor J, Fonseca J. et al. Match running performance is influenced by possession and team formation in an English Premier League team. Biol Sport 2024; 41: 275-286
- 18 Fernandes T, Camerino O, Garganta J, Hileno R, Barreira D. How do Elite Soccer Teams Perform to Ball Recovery? Effects of Tactical Modelling and Contextual Variables on the Defensive Patterns of Play. J Hum Kinet 2020; 73: 165-179
- 19 Rico-González M, Pino-Ortega J, Castellano J, Oliva-Lozano JM, Los Arcos A. Reference values for collective tactical behaviours based on positional data in professional football matches: A systematic review. Biol Sport 2022; 39: 110-114
- 20 Hewitt A, Greenham G, Norton K. Game style in soccer: What is it and can we quantify it?. Int J Perf Anal Sport 2016; 16: 355-372
- 21 Bate A. Set-piece innovations and busting myths about corners: Specialist set-piece coach Andy Parslow talks us through his role. UK: Sky Sports; 2023. https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12959089/set-piece-innovations-and-busting-myths-about-corners-specialist-set-piece-coach-andy-parslow-talks-us-through-his-role
- 22 Marsh D. Liverpool advertise for new coach on LinkedIn after splashing out to land new boss Arne Slot. UK: The Mirror; 2024. https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/liverpool-linkedin-advert-new-coach-32854924
- 23 Zhao YQ, Zhang H. Analysis of goals in the English Premier League. Int J Perf Anal Sport 2019; 19: 820-831
- 24 Power P, Hobbs J, Ruiz H. et al. Mythbusting set-pieces in soccer. Proceedings of the 12th annual MIT Slogan Sport Analytics Conference, paper no. 5631, 23–24 February 2018, Massachusetts, Boston
- 25 Strafford BW, Smith A, North JS, Stone JA. Comparative analysis of the top six and bottom six teams’ corner kick strategies in the 2015/2016 English Premier League. Int J Perf Anal Sport 2019; 19: 904-918
- 26 Rumpf MC, Silva JR, Hertzog M, Farooq A, Nassis G. Technical and physical analysis of the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil: Winners vs. losers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2017; 57: 1338-1343
- 27 Yiannakos A, Armatas V. Evaluation of the goal scoring patterns in European Championship in Portugal 2004. Int J Perf Anal Sport 2006; 6: 178-188
- 28 Knutson T. The World Cup of Set Pieces. 2018 https://statsbomb.com/articles/soccer/the-world-cup-of-set-pieces/
- 29 Stone JA, Smith A, Barry A. The undervalued set piece: Analysis of soccer throw-ins during the English Premier League 2018-2019 season. Int J Sports Sci Coach 2021; 16: 830-839
- 30 Mumford J. Every game we try to maximise set pieces, says Guardiola. UK; 2024 https://www.mancity.com/citytv/mens/pep-guardiola-newcastle-united-fa-cup-press-conference-embargo-63846115
- 31 Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T. et al. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Hoboken: Wiley; 2019
- 32 Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM. et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Syst Rev 2021; 10: 89
- 33 Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W. et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med 2018; 169: 467-473
- 34 McKay AKA, Stellingwerff T, Smith ES. et al. Defining Training and Performance Caliber: A Participant Classification Framework. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022; 17: 317-331
- 35 Brinkschulte M, Wunderlich F, Furley P, Memmert D. The obligation to succeed when it matters the most-The influence of skill and pressure on the success in football penalty kicks. Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 65: 102369
- 36 Almeida CH, Volossovitch A. Multifactorial analysis of football penalty kicks in the Portuguese First League: A replication study. Int J Sports Sci Coach 2023; 18: 160-175
- 37 Barbero JR, Lapresa D, Arana J, Anguera MT. An observational analysis of kicker-goalkeeper interaction in penalties between national football teams in international competitions. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 23: 196-212
- 38 Park SH, Uiga L, Masters RSW. Crowd reception influences avoidance behavior during football penalty-kicks, but you wouldn’t know it: A retrospective analysis of professional games. Psychol Sport Exerc 2022; 61: 102169
- 39 Murta CCF, Albuquerque MR, Greco PJ, Raab M, Praça GM. Goalkeepers put their money where the coach’s mouth is: Knowing kickers’ preferences enhances anticipation of football goalkeepers. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol 2022; 20: 1507-1522
- 40 Pinheiro GS, Jin X, Costa VTD, Lames M. Body Pose Estimation Integrated With Notational Analysis: A New Approach to Analyze Penalty Kicks Strategy in Elite Football. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4: 818556
- 41 Buscà B, Hileno R, Nadal B, Serna J. Prediction of the penalty kick direction in men’s soccer. Int J Perf Anal Sport 2022; 22: 571-582
- 42 Rudi N, Olivares M, Shetty A. Ordering sequential competitions to reduce order relevance: Soccer penalty shootouts. PLoS One 2020; 15: e0243786
- 43 Prieto-Lage I, Artigues-Ribas L, Gutiérrez-Santiago A. Technical-tactical patterns of the attacker and the goalkeeper in the penalty shootouts within the Spanish football league during the 2016-17 season through T-patterns and polar coordinates. Cuad Psicol Deporte 2019; 20: 166-180
- 44 Higueras-Herbada A, Lopes JE, Travieso D, Ibáñez-Gijón J, Araújo D, Jacobs DM. Height After Side: Goalkeepers Detect the Vertical Direction of Association-Football Penalty Kicks From the Ball Trajectory. Front Psychol 2020; 11: 311
- 45 Rhodes J, May J, Booth A. Penalty success in professional soccer: A randomised comparison between imagery methodologies. J Imag Res Sport Phys Act 2020; 15: 127-145
- 46 Brinkschulte M, Furley P, Memmert D. English Football Players are not as Bad at Kicking Penalties as Commonly Assumed. Sci Rep 2020; 10: 7027
- 47 Jamil M, Littman P, Beato M. Investigating inter-league and inter-nation variations of key determinants for penalty success across European football. Int J Perf Anal Sport 2020; 20: 892-907
- 48 Ricci VA, Lessi GP, Aroni AL. The penalty in football: A performance analysis of the penalties occurred between 2010 and 2018 editions of the Brazilian football championship. Revista Brasileira de Futsal e Futebol 2020; 12: 364-370
- 49 Avugos S, Azar OH, Sher E, Gavish N, Bar-Eli M. The right-oriented bias in soccer penalty shootouts. J Behav Exp Econ 2020; 89: 101546
- 50 Kolbinger O, Stöckl M. Misbehavior During Penalty Kicks and Goalkeepers Holding the Ball Too Long as Trivial Offenses in Football. Front Psychol 2019; 10: 844
- 51 Furley P, Noël B, Memmert D. Attention towards the goalkeeper and distraction during penalty shootouts in association football: A retrospective analysis of penalty shootouts from 1984 to 2012. J Sports Sci 2017; 35: 873-879
- 52 Dalton K, Guillon M, Naroo SA. An analysis of penalty kicks in elite football post 1997. Int J Sports Sci Coach 2015; 10: 815-827
- 53 Lopes JE, Jacobs DM, Travieso D, Araújo D. Predicting the lateral direction of deceptive and non-deceptive penalty kicks in football from the kinematics of the kicker. Hum Mov Sci 2014; 36: 199-216
- 54 Fariña AR, Fábrica G, Tambusso PS, Alonso R. Taking the goalkeeper’s side in association football penalty kicks. Int J Perf Anal Sport 2013; 13: 96-109
- 55 Jordet G, Elferink-Gemser MT. Stress, coping, and emotions on the world stage: The experience of participating in a major soccer tournament penalty shootout. J Appl Sport Psychol 2012; 24: 73-91
- 56 Jordet G, Hartman E, Vuijk PJ. Team history and choking under pressure in major soccer penalty shootouts. Br J Psychol 2012; 103: 268-283
- 57 Moll T, Jordet G, Pepping GJ. Emotional contagion in soccer penalty shootouts: celebration of individual success is associated with ultimate team success. J Sports Sci 2010; 28: 983-992
- 58 Núñez FJ, Oño A, Raya A, Bilbao A. Effects of providing advance cues during a soccer penalty kick on the kicker’s rate of success. Percept Mot Skills 2010; 111: 749-760
- 59 Palao JM, López-Montero M, López-Botella M. Relationship between efficacy, laterality of foot strike, and shot zone of the penalty in relation to competition level in soccer. of the penalty in relation to competition level in soccer. Int J Sports Sci 2010; 19: 153-166
- 60 Gelen E. Acute effects of different warm-up methods on sprint, slalom dribbling, and penalty kick performance in soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24: 950-956
- 61 Dicks M, Davids K, Button C. Individual differences in the visual control of intercepting a penalty kick in association football. Hum Mov Sci 2010; 29: 401-411
- 62 Dicks M, Button C, Davids K. Availability of advance visual information constrains association-football goalkeeping performance during penalty kicks. Perception 2010; 39: 1111-1124
- 63 Núñez FJ, Oña A, Raya A, Bilbao A. Differences between expert and novice soccer players when using movement precues to shoot a penalty kick. Percept Mot Skills 2009; 108: 139-148
- 64 Jordet G, Hartman E, Sigmundstad E. Temporal links to performing under pressure in international soccer penalty shootouts. Psychol Sport Exerc 2009; 10: 621-627
- 65 Jordet G. When superstars flop: Public status and choking under pressure in international soccer penalty shootouts. J App Sport Psychol 2009; 21: 125-130
- 66 Jordet G. Why do English players fail in soccer penalty shootouts? A study of team status, self-regulation, and choking under pressure. J Sports Sci 2009; 27: 97-106
- 67 Bar-Eli M, Azar OH. Penalty kicks in soccer: An empirical analysis of shooting strategies and goalkeepers’ preferences. Soccer Soc 2009; 10: 183-191
- 68 Jordet G, Hartmen E. Avoidance motivation and choking under pressure in soccer penalty shootouts. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2008. 30. 450-457 [Erratum in: J Sport Exerc Psychol 2009; 31: 128-129.]
- 69 Kuss O, Kluttig A, Stoll O. “The fouled player should not take the penalty himself”: an empirical investigation of an old German football myth. J Sports Sci 2007; 25: 963-967
- 70 Jordet G, Hartman E, Visscher C, Lemmink KA. Kicks from the penalty mark in soccer: The roles of stress, skill, and fatigue for kick outcomes. J Sports Sci 2007; 25: 121-129
- 71 Bar-Eli M, Azar OH, Ritov I, Keidar-Levin Y, Schein G. Action bias among elite soccer goalkeepers: The case of penalty kicks. J Econ Psychol 2007; 28: 606-621
- 72 Jordet G, Elferink-Gemser MT, Lemmink KAPM. et al. The “Russian roulette” of soccer?: Perceived control and anxiety in a major tournament penalty shootout. Int J Sport Psychol 2006; 37: 291-298
- 73 Garcia JC, Sicilia AO, Pugnaire AR. et al. Visual training of expert and intermediate penalty kickers in soccer. J Hum Mov Stud 2005; 49: 255-275
- 74 Savelsbergh GJ, Van der Kamp J, Williams AM, Ward P. Anticipation and visual search behaviour in expert soccer goalkeepers. Ergonomics 2005; 48: 1686-1697
- 75 Savelsbergh GJ, Williams AM, Van der Kamp J, Ward P. Visual search, anticipation and expertise in soccer goalkeepers. J Sports Sci 2002; 20: 279-287
- 76 Nevill AM, Newell SM, Gale S. Factors associated with home advantage in English and Scottish soccer matches. J Sports Sci 1996; 14: 181-186
- 77 Plakias S, Kokkotis C, Tsaopoulos D. et al. T. The effectiveness of direct corners in high level soccer depending on the type and the zone of delivery. J Phy Edu Sport 2023; 23: 449-456
- 78 Alkhawaldeh I. The effect of the quadriceps muscle fatigue after an isotonic contraction on some kinematic variables and the accuracy of soccer players’ performance of the corner kick. Sport i Turystyka 2023; 6: 47-58
- 79 Gouveia V, Duarte JP, Sarmento H. et al. Systematic observation of corner kick strategies in Portuguese football players. Sustainability 2022; 14: 896
- 80 Prieto-Lage I, Bermúdez-Fernández D, Paramés-González A, Gutiérrez-Santiago A. Analysis of the corner kick in football in the main European leagues during the 2017-2018 season. Int J Perf Anal Sport 2021; 21: 611-629
- 81 Maneiro R, Losada JL, Portell M, Ardá A. Observational analysis of corner kicks in high-level football: A mixed methods study. Sustainability 2021; 13: 7562
- 82 Fernández-Hermógenes D, Camerino O, Hileno R. Indicadores de rendimiento del saque de esquina en el fútbol de élite. Appunts 2021; 144: 52-64
- 83 Maneiro RD, Sanjurjo CCA, Suárez AA. et al. Identification of significant variables in the corner kick in women’s football: Comparison with men’s football. E-Balonmano 2019; 15: 91-106
- 84 Castellano J. Relationship between performance indicators and the success in professional football. Rev Iberoam Psicol Ejerc Deporte 2018; 13: 41-49
- 85 Casal CA, Losada JL, Maneiro R. et al. Influence of match status on corner kicks tactics in elite soccer. Rev Int Med Cienc Act Fis Deporte 2017; 17: 715-728
- 86 Castellano J, Casamichana D. What are the differences between first and second divisions of Spanish football teams?. Int J Perf Anal Sport 2015; 15: 135-146
- 87 Casal CA, Maneiro R, Ardá T, Losada JL, Rial A. Analysis of corner kick success in elite football. Int J Perf Anal Sport 2015; 15: 430-451
- 88 Fowler P, Duffield R, Vaile J. Effects of domestic air travel on technical and tactical performance and recovery in soccer. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2014; 9: 378-386
- 89 Evangelos B, Aristotelis G, Ioannis G. et al. Winners and losers in top level soccer. How do they differ?. J Phy Educ Sport 2014; 14: 398
- 90 del Castillo URM, Zapeda AMB, Gonzales JEG. Analysis of corners in football. Rev Iberoam Psicol Ejerc Deporte 2014; 3: 18-24
- 91 Schmicker RH. An Application of SaTScan to Evaluate the Spatial Distribution of Corner Kick Goals in Major League Soccer. Int J Comput Sci Sport 2013; 12: 70-79
- 92 Sánchez-Flores J, García-Manso JM, Martín-González JM, Ramos-Verde E, Arriaza-Ardiles E, Da Silva-Grigoletto ME. Analysis and evaluation of the corner kick in soccer at the highest level. Rev Andal Med Deporte 2012; 5: 140-146
- 93 Castellano J, Casamichana D, Lago C. The Use of Match Statistics that Discriminate Between Successful and Unsuccessful Soccer Teams. J Hum Kinet 2012; 31: 139-47
- 94 Lago-Ballesteros J, Lago-Peñas C. Performance in team sports: Identifying the keys to success in soccer. J Hum Kinet 2010; 25: 85-91
- 95 Lago-Peñas C, Lago-Ballesteros J, Dellal A, Gómez M. Game-Related Statistics that Discriminated Winning, Drawing and Losing Teams from the Spanish Soccer League. J Sports Sci Med 2010; 9: 288-93
- 96 Marqversen EM, Krustrup P, Andersen TB. Environmental factors affecting a football’s trajectory at the direct free kick: How altitude, temperature, and humidity may change the goal-scoring probability. Sports Eng 2023; 26: 11
- 97 Alkhawaldeh IM. The Effect of Mental Fatigue on the Accuracy of the Direct Free Kick in Terms of Some Kinematic Variables for Football Players. Asian J Sports Med 2023; 14 (02)
- 98 López García S, Maneiro R, Ardá Suárez A. et al. Indirect free kicks in professional football. Identification of explanatory variables. Rev Int Med Cienc Act Fis 2018; 18: 247-268
- 99 Link D, Kolbinger O, Weber H, Stöckl M. A topography of free kicks in soccer. J Sports Sci 2016; 34: 2312-2320
- 100 Casal AC, Maneiro R, Ardá T, Losada JL, Rial A. Effectiveness of indirect free kicks in elite soccer. Int J Perf Anal Sport 2014; 14: 744-760
- 101 Savelsbergh G, Cañal-Bruland R, van der Kamp J. Error reduction during practice: A novel method for learning to kick free-kicks in soccer. Int J Sports Sci Coach 2012; 7: 47-56
- 102 Craig CM, Berton E, Rao G, Fernandez L, Bootsma RJ. Judging where a ball will go: The case of curved free kicks in football. Sci Nat 2006; 93: 97-101
- 103 Augste C, Prestel C. Tactical actions during opponent throw-ins in soccer in the German Bundesliga. J Phys Edu Sport 2021; 21: 1846-1852
- 104 Lavin JM, Jimenez-Sanchez A, Falagan-Madrazo A. How are goals born? External and internal factors in European soccer. Cult Cienc Deporte 2023; 18: 95-105
- 105 Gouveia V, Duarte JP, Nóbrega A. et al. Notational Analysis on Goal Scoring and Comparison in Two of the Most Important Soccer Leagues: Spanish La Liga and English Premier League. Appl Sci 2023; 13: 6903
- 106 García-Aliaga A, Marquina Nieto M, Coterón J, Rodríguez-González A, Gil Ares J, Refoyo Román I. A Longitudinal Study on the Evolution of the Four Main Football Leagues Using Artificial Intelligence: Analysis of the Differences in English Premier League Teams. Res Q Exerc Sport 2023; 94: 529-537
- 107 Stafylidis A, Michailidis Y, Mandroukas A. et al. Analysis of goal scoring and performance indicators in the 2020-2021 Greek soccer league. J Phys Educ Sport 2022; 22: 91-99
- 108 Mićović B, Leontijević B, Dopsaj M, Janković A, Milanović Z, Garcia Ramos A. The Qatar 2022 World Cup warm-up: Football goal-scoring evolution in the last 14 FIFA World Cups (1966-2018). Front Psychol 2022; 13: 954876 [Erratum in: Front Psychol 2023; 14: 1156698. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1156698]
- 109 Zhao Y, Zhang H. Investigating the inter-country variations in game interruptions across the Big-5 European football leagues. Int J Perf Anal Sport. 2021. 21. 180-196
- 110 Wunderlich F, Seck A, Memmert D. The influence of randomness on goals in football decreases over time. An empirical analysis of randomness involved in goal scoring in the English Premier League. J Sports Sci 2021; 39: 2322-2337
- 111 Papadopoulos S, Papadimitriou K, Konstantinidou X. et al. Factors Leading to Goal Scoring in the Spanish and Italian Soccer Leagues. Sport Mont 2021; 19: 13-18
- 112 Li C, Zhao Y. Comparison of Goal Scoring Patterns in “The Big Five” European Football Leagues. Front Psychol 2020; 11: 619304
- 113 Jamil M, Liu H, Phatak A, Memmert D. An investigation identifying which key performance indicators influence the chances of promotion to the elite leagues in professional European football. Int J Perf Anal Sport 2021; 21: 641-650
- 114 Leite W. The importance of set plays in high performance football. Sportske Nauke i Zdravlje 2020; 19: 5-9
- 115 Gonzalez-Rodenas J, Lopez-Bondia I, Aranda-Malaves R. et al. Technical, tactical and spatial indicators related to goal scoring in European elite soccer. J Hum Sport Exerc 2020; 15: 186-201
- 116 Greve HR, Rudi N, Walvekar A. Strategic rule breaking: Time wasting to win soccer games. PLoS One 2019; 14: e0224150
- 117 Brito Souza D, López-Del Campo R, Blanco-Pita H, Resta R, Del Coso J. A new paradigm to understand success in professional football: Analysis of match statistics in LaLiga for 8 complete seasons. Int J Perf Anal Sport 2019; 19: 543-555
- 118 Brito de Souza D, López-Del Campo R, Blanco-Pita H, Resta R, Del Coso J. An Extensive Comparative Analysis of Successful and Unsuccessful Football Teams in LaLiga. Front Psychol 2019; 10: 2566
- 119 Silveira JFD. Effectiveness and offensive performance analysis of the Football’s World Cup: Russia 2018. Revista Brasileira De Futsal E Futebol 2018; 10: 785-794
- 120 Gonzalez-Rodenas J, Lopez-Bondia I, Calabuig F, Pérez-Turpin JA, Aranda R. Creation of goal scoring opportunities by means of different types of offensive actions in US major league soccer. Hum Mov 2017; 2017: 106-116
- 121 Fernández-Hermógenes D, Camerino O, García de Alcaraz A. Acciones ofensivas a balón parado en el fútbol. Apunts 2017; 129: 78-94
- 122 Pratas JM, Volossovitch A, Carita AI. The effect of performance indicators on the time the first goal is scored in football matches. Int J Perf Anal Sport 2016; 16: 347-354
- 123 Augste C, Cordes O. Game stoppages as a tactical means in soccer – a comparison of the FIFA World Cups™ 2006 and 2014. Int J Perf Anal Sport 2016; 16: 1053-1064
- 124 Gonzalez-Rodenas J, Lopez-Bondia I, Calabuig F, Pérez-Turpin JA, Aranda R. The effects of playing tactics on creating scoring opportunities in random matches from US Major League Soccer. Int J Perf Anal Sport 2015; 15: 851-872
- 125 Gonzalez-Rodenas J, Lopez-Bondia I, Calabuig F. et al. Association between playing tactics and creating scoring opportunities in elite football. A case study in Spanish Football National Team. J Hum Sport Exer 2015; 10: 65-80
- 126 Njororai WWS. Analysis of goals scored in the 2010 world cup soccer tournament held in South Africa. J Phy Educ Sport 2013; 13: 6-13
- 127 Siegle M, Lames M. Game interruptions in elite soccer. J Sports Sci 2012; 30: 619-624
- 128 Janković A, Leontijević B, Mićović B. Comparative analysis of use of standard situation-set plays on XVI, XVII, XVIII and XIX World Cup in Soccer. Res Kinesiology 2011; 39: 47-52
- 129 Araújo D, Davids K, Hristovski R. The ecological dynamics of decision making in sport. Psychol Sport Exerc 2006; 7: 653-676
- 130 Turvey MT, Shaw RE. Ecological foundations of cognition. I: Symmetry and specificity of animal-environment systems. Conscious Stud 1999; 6: 95-110
- 131 Walid A. The Arsenal free-kick routine their opponents are struggling to handle. The Athletic 2024 https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5269123/2024/02/15/arsenal-wide-free-kick-routine/
- 132 Sarmento H, Bradley P, Travassos B. The Transition from Match Analysis to Intervention: Optimising the Coaching Process in Elite Futsal. Int J Perform Anal Sport 2015; 15: 471-488