Das Magenkarzinom ist zum Zeitpunkt seiner Diagnose meist fortgeschritten, und die Chancen auf eine Heilung sind demnach gering. Dies verweist darauf, wie dringend Maßnahmen zur Früherkennung und zur Prävention einer Verbesserung bedürfen. Derzeit ist die Endoskopie das effektivste Verfahren für eine frühe Diagnose, als reguläres Screeninginstrument kann sie allein aufgrund ihres ungünstigen Kosten–Nutzen–Verhältnisses zumindest in Europa nicht empfohlen werden. Um Hochrisikopatienten zu selektionieren und diese dann gezielt einem endoskopischen Screening zuführen zu können, wären daher günstige und einfache Methoden wie beispielsweise serologische Testverfahren gefragt. Wichtigster Risikofaktor für das Magenkarzinom ist eine Besiedlung mit Helicobacter pylori. Als Strategie für eine effektive Prävention ist die H.–pylori–Eradikation aber bisher nur selektiv und bei Risikogruppen möglich. Ob Cyclooxigenaseinhibitoren oder Modulatoren gastrinabhängiger Signalwege möglicherweise ebenfalls das Potenzial haben, die gastrale Karzinogenese zu inhibieren, wird derzeit untersucht. Darüber hinaus müssen diätetische Einflüsse und Wirtsfaktoren wie Mutationen im E–Cadherin–Gen bei der Erstellung eines individuellen Risikoprofils berücksichtigt werden.
Gastric cancer at the first clinical presentation and diagnosis is often in advanced and uncurable stage. This underscores the need for effective means of early diagnosis and prevention. Although being the most effective technique for early diagnosis of gastric cancer, endoscopy is not recommended in Europe for a general mass–screening due to a poor cost–effectiveness. Cheap and easy applicable techniques are needed, e.g. serological tests, to preselect patients at high risk who would be candidates for a targeted endoscopic screening. Helicobacter pylori infection is the most relevant risk factor for the development of gastric cancer, which is underscored by a clear causal relationship. H. pylori eradication as strategy for an effective prevention has so far only be applied selectively for defined risk groups. COX–inhibitors and modulators of gastrin–dependent pathways are under evaluation of their potential to inhibit gastric carcinogenesis. Moreover, dietary and – more than that – host factors like mutations of the e–cadherin–gene have to be considered to generate an individual risk profile for each patient.
Key words
gastric cancer - mass screening - H. pylori eradication - serological biopsy - e–cadherin
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1 Adenocarcinoma of the EsophagoGastric junction
2 Insulin–Gastrin transgene Mäuse
3 Enzyme–Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay
Korrespondenz
Dr. Jan Bornschein
Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie Otto–von–Guericke–Universität
Leipziger Straße 44
39120 Magdeburg
Email: jan.bornschein@med.ovgu.de