Zusammenfassung
Die Immuntherapie von Tumoren umfasst verschiedene Therapiestrategien
und ist bereits fester Bestandteil der akuellen onkologischen Therapie.
Die Applikation von Antikörpern ist ein bereits im klinischen
Alltag etabliertes Verfahren. Identifizierung neuer Zielantigene
und Erkenntnisse über immunregulatorische Mechanismen führten
zu neuen Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Antikörpertherapie.
Ein weiteres Verfahren ist die Vakzinierung von Patienten, bei der
das Immunsystem des Patienten gegen spezifische Tumorantigene aktiviert
werden soll. Dabei werden derzeit Vakzinierungskonzepte in der adjuvanten
Therapiesituation und in Kombination mit anderen Therapiemodalitäten
untersucht. Bei T-Zell basierten Ansätzen handelt es sich
um Strategien, die darauf abzielen, Tumor-reaktive T-Zellen zu generieren
und zu aktivieren, um schließlich eine Tumorregression
zu erreichen. Dazu gehören sowohl der klinisch erfolgreiche
adoptive T Zell Transfer als auch der T Zell Rezeptor Transfer.
In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die aktuellen Konzepte
und zukünftige Perspektiven der Immuntherapie von Tumorerkrankungen
dargestellt.
Abstract
Immunotherapies have become an integral part of modern treatment
concepts in oncology. The complexity of the regulation of the immune
system gives rise to a multitude of different treatment approaches.
Antibody based strategies are already used routinely in clinical
day to day practice. Identification of new target antigens and the
analysis of broader immunologic implications of antibody therapy
are recent developments in this field. Antigen selection is also
of high importance in the field of vaccination strategies. Vaccination
strategies are now being investigated in adjuvant treatment settings
but also the combination of vaccination and other treatment modalities
show promising results in clinical trials. Another promising emerging
field are T cell based therapies, with the clinically successfull
adoptive T cell transfer now being complemented by T cell receptor
transfer strategies. This review summarizes the current concepts
and future perspectives in immunotherapies for cancer.
Schlüsselwörter
immunologische Therapien - Antikörper - Vakzinierung - T-Zellen - Onkologie
Key words
immunologic therapies - antibodies - vaccination - T cells - oncology
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Prof. Dr. med. Dirk Jäger
Direktor Medizinische Onkologie, Nationales
Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
Im Neuenheimer Feld 350
69120 Heidelberg
Phone: +49-6221-56-7229
Fax: +49-6221-56-7030
Email: Dirk.Jaeger@med.uni-heidelberg.de