RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109852
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Diagnostic Features of Real-Time Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Focal Nodular Hyperplasia of the Liver
Diagnostische Merkmale der hepatischen fokalen nodulären Hyperplasie im Echtzeit kontrastverstärktem UltraschallPublikationsverlauf
received: 24.11.2008
accepted: 27.9.2009
Publikationsdatum:
25. November 2009 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Zum typischen Erscheinungsbild der fokalen nodulären Hyperplasie (FNH) in radiologischen kontrastverstärkten Techniken (Spiral-CT oder MRT) gehört ein homogenes Enhancement in der arteriellen Phase, wobei jedoch die genaue Zeitsteuerung für die bestmögliche Darstellung dieses Phänomens nicht bekannt ist. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Bewertung von FNH Ultraschallbildern, hier insbesondere deren Erscheinungsbild im Echtzeit kontrastverstärktem Ultraschall (CEUS) und zudem die Untersuchung des zeitlichen Ablaufs der Perfusionsmuster. Material und Methoden: 72 Patienten (60 Frauen, 12 Männer) mit einer Gesamtzahl von 90 FNH Knoten mit einem Durchmesser von 8 – 100 mm (Mittelwert ± SD, 40,6 ± 21,5 mm) wurden nach Bolusgabe eines Kontrastmittels (SonoVue® BRACCO™, Milan, Italien) kontinuierlich für mindestens 4 Minuten mit CnTI® and CPS® Technik (ESAOTE™, Genua, Italy and Acuson-Siemens™) untersucht. Ergebnisse: 87 von 90 Knoten zeigten die typische münzförmige Hyperechogenität in der arteriellen Phase. Die übrigen drei Knoten waren alle von einem Patienten und wurden erst nach Resektion als FNH diagnostiziert. Das Kontrastmittel begann im Mittel nach 15,7 ± 4,6 Sekunden (Spannweite 7 – 27 s) anzufluten und erreichte seine maximale Signalintensität mit größter Differenzierbarkeit zwischen Läsion und umgebendem Parenchym nach etwa 22,6 ± 7,0 Sekunden (Spannweite 14 – 72 s). In der Spätphase wurden 65 Läsionen (72,2 %) isoechogen (im Mittel nach 80,8 ± 85,7 s, Spannweite 20 – 300 s), 22 (24,4 %) leicht hyperechogen und 3 (3,3 %) schwach hypoechogen. Schlussfolgerung: FNH zeigen ein typisch homogen hyperechogenes Muster in der arteriellen Phase im Echtzeit-CEUS, welches sich in der Regel langsam verliert, aber gelegentlich schon 20 Sekunden nach Kontrastmittelapplikation beendet sein kann. Wenn die Bildgebung später als 20 Sekunden nach Kontrastinjektion gestartet wird (was weiterhin als vollständig arterielle Phase gilt), könnte die Ultraschallhyperechogenität in einigen Fällen verpasst werden. Echtzeituntersuchungen dieser Läsionen werden daher dringend empfohlen, um falsch negative Untersuchungsbefunde zu vermeiden.
Abstract
Purpose: The typical appearance of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in radiological contrast techniques (helical CT or MRI) includes homogeneous enhancement in the arterial phase, but the exact timing for the best visualization of this pattern is unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess the ultrasound pattern of FNH with special attention to real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) appearance and specifically to the timing of perfusion patterns. Materials and Methods: 72 patients (60 females, 12 males) with a total of 90 FNH nodules with a diameter ranging from 8 to 100 mm (mean ± SD, 40.6 ± 21.5 mm) were examined continuously for at least 4 minutes using CnTI® and CPS® methods (ESAOTE™, Genoa, Italy and Acuson-Siemens™) after bolus injection of SonoVue® (BRACCO™, Milan, Italy). Results: 87 of 90 nodules showed the typical coin-like hyperechogenicity in the arterial phase. The remaining three nodules were all in the same patient and were diagnosed as FNH after resection. Contrast started to appear within the lesions after a mean of 15.7 ± 4.6 seconds (range 7 – 27 s) and reached peak signal intensity, with the greatest differentiation between the lesion and the surrounding parenchyma, at around 22.6 ± 7.0 seconds (range 14 – 72 s). In the late phase, 65 lesions (72.2 %) became isoechoic (after a mean of 80.8 ± 85.7 s, range 20 – 300 s), 22 (24.4 %) slightly hyperechoic and 3 (3.3 %) faintly hypoechoic. Conclusion: FNH shows a typical homogeneous hyperechoic pattern during the arterial phase in real-time CEUS which disappears slowly on average but occasionally even as soon as 20 seconds after contrast injection. If the first scans are taken later than 20 seconds after injection (which is still considered to be a full arterial phase), the ultrasound hyperechogenicity may be missed in some cases. Real-time study of these lesions is therefore strongly recommended to avoid possible false-negative results.
Key words
focal nodular hyperplasia - contrast-enhanced ultrasound - diagnosis
References
- 1
Scoazec J Y, Flejou J F, D’Errico A. et al .
Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: composition of the extracellular matrix and
expression of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion molecules.
Hum Pathol.
1995;
26
1114-1125
MissingFormLabel
- 2
International Working Party .
Terminology of nodular hepatocellular lesions.
Hepatology.
1995;
22
983-993
MissingFormLabel
- 3
Nguyen B N, Flejou J F, Terris B.
Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: a comprehensive pathologic study of 305 lesions
and recognition of new histologic forms.
Am J Surg Pathol.
1999;
23
1441-1454
MissingFormLabel
- 4
Biolucac-Sage P, Balabaud C, Bedossa P. et al .
Pathological diagnosis of liver cell adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia: Bordeaux
update.
J Hepatol.
2007;
46
521-527
MissingFormLabel
- 5
Fukukura Y, Nakashima O, Kusaba A. et al .
Angioarchitecture and blood circulation in focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver.
J Hepatol.
1998;
29
470-475
MissingFormLabel
- 6
Bartolozzi C, Lencioni R, Paolicchi A. et al .
Differentiation of hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver:
comparison of power Doppler imaging and conventional color Doppler sonography.
Eur Radiol.
1997;
7
1410-1415
MissingFormLabel
- 7
Gaiani S, Piscaglia F, Serra C. et al .
Hemodynamics in focal nodular hyperplasia.
J Hepatol.
1999;
31
576
MissingFormLabel
- 8
Gaiani S, Casali A, Serra C. et al .
Assessment of vascular patterns of small liver mass lesions: value and limitation
of the different Doppler ultrasound modalities.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2000;
95
3537-3546
MissingFormLabel
- 9
Bidlingsmaier J, Barkhausen J, Muller R D.
Moderne Diagnostik fokaler Leberlasionen: Methoden, Indikationen und Befundmuster.
Leber Magen Darm.
1999;
29
11-17
MissingFormLabel
- 10
Mortelè K J, Praet M, Van Vlierberghe H. et al .
CT and MR imaging findings in focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: radiologic-pathologic
correlation.
Am J Roentgenol.
2000;
175
687-692
MissingFormLabel
- 11
Hussain S M, Terkivatan T, Zondervan P E. et al .
Focal nodular hyperplasia: findings at state-of-the-art MR imaging, US, CT, and pathologic
analysis.
Radiographics.
2004;
24
3-17
MissingFormLabel
- 12
Marin D, Brancatelli G, Federle M P. et al .
Focal nodular hyperplasia: typical and atypical MRI findings with emphasis on the
use of contrast media.
Clin Radiol.
2008;
63
577-585
MissingFormLabel
- 13
Strobel D, Seitz K, Blank W. et al .
Tumor-Specific Vascularization Pattern of Liver Metastasis, Hepatocellular Carcinoma,
Hemangioma and Focal Nodular Hyperplasia in the Differential Diagnosis of 1349 Liver
Lesions in Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS).
Ultraschall in Med.
2009;
30
376-382
MissingFormLabel
- 14
EFSUMB Study Group .
Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound
(CEUS) – Update 2008.
Ultraschall in Med.
2008;
29
28-44
MissingFormLabel
- 15
Bertolotto M, Dalla Palma L, Quaia E. et al .
Characterization of unifocal liver lesions with pulse inversion harmonic imaging after
Levovist injection: preliminary results.
Eur Radiol.
2000;
10
1369-1376
MissingFormLabel
- 16
Dietrich C F, Schuessler G, Trojan J. et al .
Differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma by contrast-enhanced
ultrasound.
Br J Radiol.
2005;
78
704-707
MissingFormLabel
- 17
Kim T K, Jang H J, Burns P N. et al .
Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma: differentiation with low-mechanical-index
contrast-enhanced sonography.
Am J Roentgenol.
2008;
190
58-66
MissingFormLabel
- 18
Numata K, Tanaka K, Mitsui K. et al .
Flow characteristics of hepatic tumors at color Doppler sonography: correlation with
arteriographic findings.
Am J Roentgenol.
1993;
160
515-521
MissingFormLabel
- 19
Uggowitzer M, Kugler C, Machan L. et al .
Power Doppler imaging and evaluation of the resistive index in focal nodular hyperplasia
of the liver.
Abdom Imaging.
1997;
22
268-273
MissingFormLabel
- 20
Armitage P, Berry G.
Statistical methods in medical research.
London: Blackwell Science,.
1994;
MissingFormLabel
- 21
Piscaglia F, Corradi F, Mancini M. et al .
Real time contrast enhanced ultrasonography in detection of liver metastases from
gastrointestinal cancer.
BMC Cancer.
2007;
7
171
MissingFormLabel
- 22
Seitz K, Strobel D, Bernatik T. et al .
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) for the Characterization of Focal Liver Lesions
– Prospective Comparison in Clinical Practice: CEUS vs. CT (DEGUM Multicenter Trial).
Ultraschall in Med.
2009;
30
383-389
MissingFormLabel
- 23
Vilgrain V.
Focal nodular hyperplasia.
Eur J Radiol.
2006;
58
236-245
MissingFormLabel
- 24
Vilgrain V, Uzan F, Brancatelli G. et al .
Prevalence of hepatic hemangioma in patients with focal nodular hyperplasia: MR imaging
analysis.
Radiology.
2003;
229
75-79
MissingFormLabel
- 25
Mathieu D, Zafrani E S, Anglade M C. et al .
Association of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic hemagioma.
Gastroenterology.
1989;
97
154-157
MissingFormLabel
Dr. Fabio Piscaglia
Dept of Clinical Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine
via Albertoni 15
40138 Bologna
Telefon: ++ 39/51/6 36 25 42/5 68
Fax: ++ 39/51/6 36 27 25
eMail: fabio.piscaglia@unibo.it