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DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109981
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Entwicklungsfaktoren dissozialer Störungen – die Bedeutung des autonomen Stresssystems
Development of Antisocial Disorders – Impact of the Autonomic Stress SystemPublication History
Publication Date:
28 January 2010 (online)

Zusammenfassung
In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit wird die Heterogenität dissozialer Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter im Hinblick auf Beginn, Symptomatik und Verlauf dargestellt. Es wurde dazu eine selektive Literaturübersicht mit Fokus auf diejenigen Formen von Störungen des Sozialverhaltens erstellt, die durch ein erhöhtes Risiko zur Entwicklung einer antisozialen Persönlichkeitsstörung gekennzeichnet sind. Bedeutsam für Symptomatik und Prognose von Störungen des Sozialverhaltens scheinen insbesondere Merkmale des autonomen Stresssystems und assoziierter Temperamentmerkmale zu sein. Während verminderte autonome Reagibilität einen Risikofaktor für eine ungünstige Entwicklung darstellt, scheint eine vermehrte Reagibilität einen protektiven Faktor darzustellen. Zudem liegen offenbar Assoziationen zwischen dem autonomen Stresssystem und der Art aggressiven Verhaltens (geplant-proaktiv vs. impulsiv-reaktiv) vor. Es wird dazu ausführlich auf die Datenlage psychophysiologischer und neuroendokriner Studien bei dissozialen Individuen eingegangen. Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt stellt die Bedeutung komorbider Störungen für den Verlauf dissozialer Störungen dar. Sowohl die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung als auch Angststörungen scheinen den Verlauf dissozialer Störungen zu beeinflussen. Dabei besteht die Hoffnung, dass insbesondere die Differenzierung dissozialer Individuen je nach Ausprägung des Merkmals Ängstlichkeit dazu beiträgt, die Effektivität therapeutischer Interventionen zu verbessern.
Abstract
The current selective review emphasizes the heterogeneity of antisocial behaviour in children and adolescents. It focuses on the development of children of the early-starter subtype of conduct disorder who are at high risk for the development of an antisocial personality disorder. Especially the autonomic stress system seems to have an important impact on symptoms and the prognosis of antisocial individuals. While autonomic hypoarousal and a reduced autonomic reagibility seem to be associated with more proactive aggressiveness and a negative outcome, increased autonomic arousal and reagibility might be related to reactive aggressiveness and constitutes possibly a protective trait. Data of the current psychophysiological and neuroendocrinological literature are summarized. Moreover, the impact of comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorders on dissocial development is illustrated. Particularly early diagnostic assessment of the individual’s extent of trait anxiety might help to specify therapeutic opportunities and could thereby improve therapeutic efficiency.
Schlüsselwörter
Störungen des Sozialverhaltens - antisoziale Persönlichkeitsstörung - Aggressionsregulation - Stressreagibilität - Ängstlichkeit
Key words
conduct disorder - antisocial personality disorder - stress reagibility - aggression - anxiety
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1 Da zahlreiche der im Folgenden dargestellten Befunde aus dem angloamerikanischen Sprachraum stammen bzw. sich auf das DSM-IV beziehen, wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit bei entsprechendem Bezug auf solche Arbeiten diese Termini beibehalten, ansonsten aber der Ausdruck „Störungen des Sozialverhaltens” gemäß der ICD-10 verwandt.
Timo D. Vloet
Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie, Medizinische Fakultät,
Universitätsklinikum Aachen
Neuenhofer Weg 21
52074 Aachen
Email: tvloet@ukaachen.de