Zusammenfassung
Sphingolipide sind bekannt für Ihre strukturgebende
Funktion in Zellmembranen, haben aber auch Signaleigenschaften.
Vor allem Sphingosin-1-phosphat (S1P) ist ein wichtiges extrazelluläres
Signalmolekül, das fünf G-Protein-gekoppelte Zelloberflächenrezeptoren
aktiviert und dadurch wichtige Körperfunktionen wie das
kardiovaskuläre System, das Immunsystem, das Gehör
und die Fertilität entscheidend beeinflussen. Die stringente
Regulation von Rezeptor zugänglichem S1P, der Aufbau von
Konzentrationsgradienten sowie das enge Zusammenspiel zwischen S1P
und dessen Rezeptoren sind wichtige Voraussetzungen für
eine Vielzahl von Prozessen. Pharmakologische und tierexperimentelle
Studien haben gezeigt, dass die Beeinflussung von S1P-Konzentrationen
in Blut und Organen sowie die veränderte Expression von
S1P-Rezeptoren in bestimmten Zellsystemen Ursache, aber auch wirksames
Gegenmittel von Krankheiten sein kann. Sphingolipide und deren Rezeptoren
sind daher zunehmend Gegenstand medizinischer Forschung.
Summary
Sphingolipids are known to function as structural components
in cell membranes, but they also have signalling properties. Sphingosine
1-phosphate (S1P), in particular, is an extracellular messenger
that activates five G protein-coupled cell surface receptors, and
regulates important physiological functions in the cardiovascular
and immune system, in hearing, and fertility. Tight regulation of
receptor-available S1P, establishment of concentration gradients
and the close interplay between S1P and its receptors are necessary
requirements in a multitude of processes. Pharmacological and genetic
studies in animals have demonstrated that altered S1P concentrations
in blood and organs, as well as mutated expression of S1P receptors
in certain cell systems can be causative, but may also be efficacious
medication in selected diseases. Sphingolipids and their receptors
are, therefore, current targets for medical research.
Schlüsselwörter
Sphingosin-1-phosphat - Lymphozytenzirkulation - Lipoprotein - Sphingosinkinase - S1P-Lyase - Erythrozyt
Keywords
sphingosine 1-phosphate - lymphocyte circulation - lipoprotein - sphingosine kinase - S1P-lyase - erythrocyte
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Dr. rer. nat. Markus H. Gräler
Institut für Immunologie, Medizinische
Hochschule Hannover OE 9422
Carl-Neuberg-Str.
1
30625 Hannover
Phone: 0511/532-9779
Fax: 0511/532-9783
Email: graeler.markus@mh-hannover.de