Epidemiologie riskanten Alkoholkonsums im höheren Lebensalter: eine Übersicht

Zusammenfassung

Im Hinblick auf alkoholbezogene Störungen im höheren Lebensalter hat sich der Blickwinkel erweitert: Es werden nicht mehr nur die engen klinisch-diagnostischen Kategorien betrachtet, sondern unterschiedliche Alkoholkonsummuster. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den verfügbaren epidemiologischen Studien zu riskanten Alkoholkonsummustern im höheren Alter. Die Befunde weisen konsistent darauf-hin, dass der riskante Konsum von Alkohol mit steigendem Alter abnimmt und insbesondere bei älteren Frauen gering ist. Nichtsdestotrotz sind einige der ermittelten Raten substantiell. Vor dem Hintergrund der steigenden Lebenserwartung und der veränderten Konsumgewohnheiten der Nachkriegsgenerationen ist ein erheblicher Anstieg der Prävalenz riskanter Gebrauchsmuster und alkoholbezogener Störungen zu erwarten. Es besteht deshalb ein dringender Bedarf, solche Konsummuster in der primären Gesundheitsversorgung zu identifizieren sowie effektive und kostengünstige Interventionen zu entwickeln.

Abstract

Earlier epidemiological research consistently shows a strong age-related decline in the prevalence of alcohol use disorders. Probable reasons for this include: increased mortality among those who suffer from alcohol use disorders, increased age-related sensitivity to the (adverse) effects of alcohol, and historical differences in exposure to and use of alcohol. However, there are strong limitations of the previous research: in particular the lack of age-validated screening tools and diagnostic criteria for the recognition of alcohol use disorders among aged individuals. This paper focusses on a newer and broader approach: at-risk drinking among elderly people. It reviews the literature relating to the epidemiological research on this field. The available findings suggest negative associations between at-risk drinking, increasing age and female gender. Nevertheless, at-risk drinking still occurs in higher age groups as well as in older women. Furthermore, given the ageing population and the increased consumption of alcohol in the post World War II generations, it is very likely that the prevalence of at-risk drinking and alcohol-related disorders among older people will considerably rise in the near future. Therefore, there is a need for the identification of at-risk drinking patterns in older people as well as for effective and efficient interventions in primary care settings.

Schlüsselwörter

risikanter Alkoholkonsum - höheres Lebensalter - Epidemiologie

Key words

at-risk drinking - old age - epidemiology

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