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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1216377
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Covered Bladder Exstrophy with Scrotal Duplication
Publication History
Publication Date:
22 April 2009 (online)
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Introduction
Bladder exstrophy is a rare condition, with an incidence of 3.3 per 100 000 newborns [8]. Exstrophic anomalies can be classified into four main types: isolated epispadias, classical bladder exstrophy, cloacal exstrophy and exstrophy variants. Exstrophy variants consist of covered bladder exstrophy, also referred to as pseudoexstrophy, duplicate exstrophy and superior vesical fissure [1] [2] [9]. These variants of classical bladder exstrophy represent a rare subgroup of anomalies that all have a split symphysis and divergent rectus muscles as the main feature in common [9]. We report here the case of a boy with covered bladder exstrophy and scrotal duplication.
References
- 1 Boemers TM, de Jong TPVM, Rövekamp MH. et al . Covered exstrophy associated with an anorectal malformation: a rare variant of classical bladder exstrophy. Pediatr Surg Int. 1994; 9 438-440
- 2 Boemers TM, de Jong TPVM, Vegt PDJ. et al . Duplicate exstrophy. Report of a case and review of the literature. Pediatr Surg Int. 1995; 10 183-185
- 3 Borwankar SS, Kasat LS, Naregal A. et al . Covered exstrophy: a rare variant. Pediatr Surg Int. 1998; 14 129-130
- 4 Chadha R, Sharma A, Bagga D. et al . Pseudoexstrophy associated with congenital pouch colon. J Pediatr Surg. 1998; 33 1831-1833
- 5 Chadha R, Sharma A, Bagga D. et al . Covered exstrophy with incomplete duplication of the bladder. Pediatr Surg Int. 1999; 15 422-424
- 6 Lowentritt BH, van Zijl PS, Frimberger D. et al . Variants of the exstrophy complex: a single institution experience. J Urol. 2005; 173 1732-1737
- 7 Marshall VF, Muecke EC. Variations in exstrophy of the bladder. J Urol. 1962; 92 766-796
- 8 Rock S, Gearhart J. et al . Complete lower urinary tract duplication with true diphallia presenting as a rare covered exstrophy variant. J Urol. 1997; 157 1907-1908
- 9 Turner WR, Ransley PG, Bloom DA. et al . Variants of the exstrophic complex. Urol Clin N Amer. 1980; 7 493-501
Correspondence
Prof. T. M. Boemers
Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology
Children's Hospital of Cologne
Amsterdamerstraße 59
50735 Köln
Germany
Phone: +49/221/8907 52 61
Fax: +49/221/8907 54 92
Email: kinderchirurgie@kliniken-koeln.de