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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1223343
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Gibt es eine antiinflammatorische Therapie der Adipositas?
Is there an Antiinflammatory Treatment of Obesity?Publication History
Publication Date:
13 November 2009 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Adipositas ist durch eine niedriggradige chronische Entzündung gekennzeichnet, die ihren Ausgang von biochemischen und zellulären Veränderungen in den vergrößerten Fettdepots v. a. des Viszeralraums nimmt. Im Fettgewebe adipöser Personen lässt sich dabei eine Infiltration von Lymphozyten sowie von Monozyten / Makrophagen nachweisen, die diesen lokalen Entzündungsprozess verstärken. Im peripheren Blut finden sich erhöhte Konzentrationen von „Adipokinen” wie Leptin, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 u. a. sowie erniedrigte Spiegel des antiinflammatorisch wirksamen Adiponektins. Dieser Entzündungsprozess bildet den Nährboden für Insulinresistenz und andere Störungen, die den pathophysiologischen Zusammenhang zwischen Adipositas und ihren metabolischen und kardiovaskulären Komplikationen erklären. Ernährungsstudien der letzten Jahre weisen darauf hin, dass ein diätetischer Gewichtsverlust den stärksten Effekt auf diese Störungen hat und diese potenziell reversibel sind. Es gibt zunehmend Hinweise, dass eine Kost mit weniger gesättigten Fetten und Transfettsäuren, einem hohen Anteil an pflanzlichen Lebensmitteln und einer hohen n-3-Fettsäurezufuhr eine günstige modulatorische Wirkung auf diese Entzündungsparameter hat. Unser Verständnis dieser Zusammenhänge ist aber noch sehr lückenhaft und dieses Thema stellt daher ein wichtiges Feld für die zukünftige Ernährungsforschung dar.
Abstract
Obesity is characterized as a state of low-grade chronic inflammation which is originating from the biochemical and cellular alterations in the expanded adipose depots, particularly in the intraabdominal cavity. The adipose tissue of obese subjects exhibits an infiltration by activated lymphocytes and monocytes / macrophages which is augmenting the local inflammation. In the peripheral blood, elevated concentrations of „adipokines” such as leptin, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and others as well as lower levels of the anti-inflammatory adiponectin are detectable. This inflammatory state represent an ideal soil for the development of insulin resistance and other disturbances which may explain the link between obesity and its metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Dietary intervention studies indicate that substantial weight loss has the greatest effect on these disturbances which appear to be largely reversible. There is growing evidence that a diet with a low content of saturated fat and trans fatty acids, a high content of plant products and a high intake of n-3 fatty acids may have some beneficial modulatory effect on adipose tissue inflammation. However, our understanding of these interactions is still rather limited, but this area clearly is a challenge for nutrition research in the next future.
Schlüsselwörter
Adipositas - Entzündung - Gewichtsabnahme - Ernährung
Keywords
obesity - inflammation - weight loss - diet
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Prof. Dr. H. Hauner
Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München
Ismaninger Straße 22
81675 München
Email: hauner@wzw.tum.de