Einstellung der Bevölkerung zu Alkoholkranken

Zusammenfassung

Anliegen Was weiß man über die Haltung der Bevölkerung zu Alkoholkranken? Methode Übersicht über alle zwischen 1948 und 2008 publizierten repräsentativen Bevölkerungserhebungen zu diesem Thema. Ergebnisse Alkoholkranke werden meist selbst für ihre Erkrankung verantwortlich gemacht. Sie werden stärker als z. B. Patienten mit Schizophrenie oder Depression abgelehnt. Schlussfolgerungen Bisher fehlen Untersuchungen, die Zusammenhänge zwischen bestimmten Vorstellungen über Alkoholkranke und deren Diskriminierung aufzeigen.

Abstract

Objective Although among the most prevalent psychiatric conditions, alcoholism seems to be neglected within the current debate on mental illness stigma. We establish the state of current research on public attitudes towards alcohol dependent people. Methods In an extensive search of the literature, we identified 49 population studies on this topic between 1948 and 2008. 27 studies contained relevant information from Western countries and were included in this review. Results Although most people regard alcoholism as an illness, there is a strong tendency to blame those affected for their condition. Psycho-social causal attributions prevail over biologic explanations. Most people regard alcohol dependent persons as unpredictable and dangerous. The desire for social distance is stronger towards alcohol dependent persons than towards those with other psychiatric diagnoses such as depression or schizophrenia; only those addicted to illegal drugs suffer stronger rejection. Preferences of the public for resource allocation within the health care system put alcohol dependent patients at a potential disadvantage. Conclusions Alcoholism is a severely stigmatized condition. In order to change the stigma of alcoholism, studies exploring theoretical models and mechanisms of stigmatization seem necessary.

Stigma - Kausalattributionen - Alkoholabhängigkeit - Bevölkerungserhebungen - psychische Erkrankungen

stigma - causal attribution - alcohol dependence - population surveys - mental illness

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1 Behinderungsbereinigte Lebensjahre: Durch früheren Tod verlorene und mit Behinderung gelebte Lebensjahre werden zu einer globalen Maßzahl addiert, die einen Vergleich der Krankheitslast zwischen verschiedenen Krankheiten und verschiedenen Populationen erlaubt.