Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Allergische Haut-
und Atemwegserkrankungen sind in den hochentwickelten Industrieländern
weit verbreitet. In den letzten Jahren breiteten sich Ambrosia-Pflanzen
(Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. – Beifußblättriges
Traubenkraut) in immer stärkerem Maße in Europa
aus. Ihre Pollen besitzen ein hohes allergenes Potenzial. Dieses
kann aufgrund der späten Blütezeit der Pflanze
zu neuen Sensibilisierungen bisher gesunder Menschen und zu einer
zunehmenden gesundheitlichen Belastung von Pollenallergikern führen,
wenn diese auch gegen Gräser- und/oder Baumpollen
sensibilisiert sind. Sie können dann fast das ganze Jahr unter
allergischen Symptomen leiden. In der vorliegenden Studie soll der
Frage nachgegangen werden, wie häufig Sensibilisierungen
gegen Ambrosia bei Schulkindern in Deutschland sind und welche Implikationen
sich daraus ergeben.
Methodik: Zwischen 2004 und 2007 wurden
in Baden-Württemberg 1323 Schulkinder auf eine bestehende
Sensibilisierung gegen häufige Aeroallergene einschließlich
Ambrosiapollen durch Bestimmung von spezifischen IgE-Antikörpern im
Serum untersucht.
Ergebnisse: In den verschiedenen Untersuchungsjahren
waren bei 10 – 17 % der
untersuchten Schulkinder spezifische IgE-Antikörper gegenüber
Bestandteilen aus Pollen von Ambrosia artemisiifolia nachweisbar.
Folgerung: Das Vorliegen Ambrosia-spezifischer IgE-Antikörper
im Serum kann sowohl eine direkte Sensibilisierung gegen Ambrosiapollen
als auch eine Kreuzreaktion, z. B. bei Sensibilisierung
gegenüber anderen Korbblütlern oder bestimmten
Nahrungsmittelallergenen, anzeigen. Der Nachweis einer Sensibilisierung
gegenüber Ambrosiapollen alleine bedeutet noch keine klinisch
manifeste allergische Erkrankung. In Zusammenhang mit entsprechenden
Symptomen sollte jedoch differentialdiagnostisch auch an eine Allergie
gegen Ambrosiapollen gedacht werden, insbesondere, wenn ein direkter
zeitlicher Zusammenhang mit der Blütezeit (August/September)
von Ambrosia besteht. Aufgrund der Erfahrungen mit Ambrosia-Allergien
in Nordamerika sollten Pflanzen im näheren Wohnumfeld von
Allergikern entfernt und vorbeugend die weitere Verbreitung dieser
Pflanze eingeschränkt werden.
Summary
Background and objective: Allergic skin
and respiratory diseases show a high prevalence in most industrial
countries. In addition, during the last years ragweed colonization
has increased in Europe. Ambrosia pollen (Ambrosia
artemisiifolia L. – common ragweed) are highly allergenic.
Due to the late flowering time (august/September) of ragweed
this can result in increasing health threats for allergic populations.
This is of particular importance for those who already are sensitive
to some grass or tree pollen. These individuals can then suffer
from allergies during nearly the whole year. The present study examined
the prevalence of sensitization to ragweed in German children and possible
health implications.
Methods: Between 2004 and 2007 sera
of 1323 10-years old children in Baden Württemberg were
tested in-vitro for specific IgE-antibodies against common aeroallergens
including ragweed pollen.
Results: Specific IgE-antibodies to
extracts of common ragweed pollen were present in 10 – 17 % of
the tested sera depending on the year of investigation.
Conclusion: The determined specific
IgE-antibodies may be the result of a direct sensitization to ragweed
pollen or correspond to cross-reactivity to other plants of the
asteraceae subfamily or some nutritional allergens. The detection
of sensitization to ragweed pollen does not prove actual allergic
disease. However, a ragweed derived allergy should be considered
in the differential diagnosis when allergic symptoms are present
in direct connection to the flowering-time of ragweed. Ragweed plants
should be removed and the spread of the plant ‘restricted’,
as experiences in other countries with already wide spreading show.
Schlüsselwörter
Ambrosia - Pollen - Sensibilisierung - IgE - allergische Atemwegserkrankungen
Keywords
ragweed - pollen - sensitization - IgE - allergic respiratory diseases
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Dr. Thomas Gabrio
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