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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1237108
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Thorakale Paravertebralblockade
Thoracic Paravertebral BlockPublication History
Publication Date:
23 July 2009 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Die thorakale Paravertebralblockade wurde bereits vor über 100 Jahren zur postoperativen Schmerztherapie entwickelt und erlebt in jüngster Zeit eine Renaissance. Es handelt sich um ein technisch einfach durchführbares und risikoarmes Verfahren. Es kann sowohl zur postoperativen Analgesie als auch als alleinige Anästhesietechnik eingesetzt werden. Bei intrathorakalen Eingriffen ist die analgetische Effizienz der Paravertebralblockade gleich hoch wie jene der Epiduralanästhesie, jedoch bei einem günstigeren Nebenwirkungsprofil. Hinsichtlich einer begleitenden Therapie mit Antikoagulanzien muss die Paravertebralblockade als rückenmarknahes Anästhesieverfahren betrachtet werden.
Abstract
Thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative pain control has been introduced more than a century ago. It is currently gaining increasing popularity. This simple and safe technique can be used for postoperative analgesia, as well as sole anesthetic technique. When compared to epidural analgesia for postthoracotomy pain control, thoracic paravertebral analgesia provides comparable analgesic efficacy, but less side–effects. Regarding concomitant use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs, paravertebral blockade is considered a central nerve block.
Schlüsselwörter:
Paravertebralblockade - Epiduralanästhesie - postoperative Schmerztherapie - Antikoagulation
Key Words:
paravertebral block - thoracic epidural analgesia - postoperative analgesia - anticoagulation
Kernaussagen
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Die anatomischen Grenzen des Paravertebralraums bilden das Ligamentum costotransversum (dorsal), die laterale Kante des Wirbelkörpers (medial) sowie die Pleura parietalis (ventral). Nach lateral geht der Paravertebralraum in den Interkostalspalt über.
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Die Punktion des Paravertebralraums sollte stets entlang des Oberrandes der Rippe erfolgen.
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Die sichere Identifikation ossärer Landmarken ist Grundvoraussetzung zur Punktion des Paravertebralraums.
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Die akzidentelle Pleuraverletzung mit konsekutivem Pneumothorax ist ein seltenes, aber typisches Risiko dieses Verfahrens, über das entsprechend aufzuklären ist.
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Weitere Komplikationen umfassen die kontralaterale Epiduralanästhesie, die intrathekale Injektion sowie ein temporäres Horner–Syndrom.
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Aufgrund der engen räumlichen Lagebeziehung zwischen Paravertebralraum und Spinalkanal sollten bei einer perioperativen Antikoagulanzientherapie die gleichen Pausenintervalle angewendet werden wie bei einer rückenmarknahen Punktion.
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Metaanalysen konnten zeigen, dass die analgetische Effizienz der Paravertebralblockade zur postoperativen Schmerztherapie nach intrathorakalen Eingriffen mit der der Epiduralanästhesie vergleichbar war.
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Ergänzendes Material
- Supporting Information_Literature
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