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Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2009; 13(3): 210-235
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1237690
© Thieme Medical Publishers

Extremity Vascular Anomalies in Children: Introduction, Classification, and Imaging

Edrise Lobo-Mueller1 , 2 , Joao G. Amaral1 , Paul S. Babyn1 , 2 , Philip John1
  • 1Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • 2Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Publication History

Publication Date:
01 September 2009 (online)

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ABSTRACT

Vascular anomalies are vascular lesions noted at birth or that arise during the first months of life. The purpose of this article is to illustrate how vascular anomalies involve the extremities of infants and children. Cases illustrate the range of vascular anomalies as defined by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. Both clinical and imaging features of extremity vascular anomalies are discussed. A comprehensive classification that uses a simple, universal, and common terminology is presented. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are noninvasive diagnostic tools that are widely used in pediatric practice, in particular to categorize many of these lesions, provide a diagnosis if there is clinical doubt, evaluate these lesions fully, and guide management and therapy.

KEYWORDS

Hemangioma - vascular malformations - children - magnetic resonance imaging - diagnosis

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Edrise Lobo-MuellerM.D. 

Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children

555 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8

Email: edrisemueller@yahoo.com