Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Zur Erhaltung von Balance und Gleichgewicht verarbeitet die posturale Kontrolle v. a. visuelle, vestibuläre und propriozeptive Informationen und setzt diese in adäquate motorische Reaktionen um. Bisher bleibt noch unklar, welchen Einfluss körperliche Konstitution und Belastung auf Motorik und somit posturale Stabilität haben. Ziel dieser Studie war daher, mittels computerunterstützter dynamischer Posturografie (CDP) den Einfluss von Größe, BMI, Geschlecht und akuter körperlicher Ausbelastung auf das Gleichgewicht zu untersuchen. Probanden und Methoden: 84 Probanden wurden nach standardisierten Fragebogen zu Größe, BMI und sportlicher Aktivität befragt und dann die posturale Stabilität bestimmt. 17 weitere Probanden wurden mittels Fahrradergometrie ausbelastet. Nach definiertem Protokoll fand hier die CDP in Ruhe, bei maximaler Belastung und dann in 5-minütigen Abständen bis zur Erholung statt. Ergebnisse: Größe, Geschlecht und regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität hatten keinen Einfluss auf die Balancefähigkeit. Ein deutlicher Effekt konnte hingegen bei akuter körperlicher Belastung beobachtet werden: Unmittelbar nach Ausbelastung verschlechterte sich die posturale Stabilität im Vergleich zum Ausgangswert um 44 % (p < 0,017). Bereits 15 Minuten später wurde eine vollständige Erholung beobachtet. Schlussfolgerung: Während Größe und regelmäßiger Freizeitsport nicht die Balancefähigkeit beeinflussen, führen hoher BMI und akute Ausbelastung zu einer deutlichen Reduktion der posturalen Stabilität. Die Ergebnisse können daher das ansteigende Verletzungsrisiko nach starker Beanspruchung gut erklären, insbesondere bei Sportarten, welche ein hohes Maß an Gleichgewichtsvermögen erfordern.
Abstract
Context and objective: In order for balance to be maintained, the postural control system must process above all visual, vestibular and proprioceptive information and translate this input into appropriate motor responses. The influence of bodily constitution and physical activity on motor responses and thus on postural stability is still unclear. To use computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) to investigate the influence of body height, body mass index (BMI), regular sporting activity and acute maximal exercise on balance. Subjects and methods: Eighty-four subjects completed a standardized questionnaire on their height, BMI and sporting activity. We then assessed the postural stability of the subjects. Seventeen further subjects performed a maximal exercise test on a bicycle ergometer. We used CDP and a predefined protocol to assess balance at rest, at maximal exercise and then at 5-minute intervals until recovery. Results: Body height and regular physical activity did not influence balance ability. By contrast, BMI and acute physical exercise had a strong effect. Immediately after maximal exercise, postural stability deteriorated by 44 % compared to the baseline level (p < 0.017). Complete recovery occurred within only 15 minutes. Conclusions: Whereas body height and regular physical activity do not influence balance performance, a high BMI value and acute maximal exercise lead to a considerable decrease in postural stability. Our results can thus explain the increasing risk of injury after strenuous physical activity, especially in association with sports that require excellent balance.
Schlüsselwörter
posturale Stabilität - Posturografie - BMI - körperliche Belastung - Konstitution
Key words
postural stability - posturography - BMI - physical activity - bodily constitution
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Dr. Hans-Georg Palm
Klinik für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm
Oberer Eselsberg 40
89081 Ulm
Email: hg_palm@yahoo.de
