Literatur
-
1 Baumgartner C. Handbuch der Epilepsien. Wien, New York; Springer 2001
-
2
Beghi E, Carpio A, Forsgren L. et al .
Recommendation for a definition of acute symptomatic
seizure.
Epilepsia.
2010;
51
671-675
-
3
Hauser W A, Rich S S, Lee J R. et al .
Risk of recurrent seizures after two unprovoked
seizures.
New Engl J Med.
1998;
338
429-434
-
4
Berg A T, Shinnar S.
The risk of seizure recurrence following a first unprovoked
seizure: a quantitative review.
Neurology.
1991;
41
965-972
-
5
Stephen L J, Brodie M J.
Management of a first seizure. Special problems: adults and
elderly.
Epilepsia.
2008;
49 (Suppl. 1)
45-49
-
6
Fisher R S, van Emde Boas W, Blume W. et al .
Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the
International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for
Epilepsy (IBE).
Epilepsia.
2005;
46
470-472
-
7 Hauser W A. Incidence and prevalence. In: Engel JJ, Pedley TA, ed Epilepsy: A Comprehensive Textbook. Philadelphia; Lippincott-Raven Publishers 1997: 47-57
-
8 Elger C E, Beyenburg S, Denning D. et al .Erster epileptischer Anfall und Epilepsien im
Erwachsenenalter. In: Diener HC, Putzki N, ed Leitlinien für Diagnostik und Therapie in der
Neurologie. Stuttgart, New York; Thieme 2008: 2-16
-
9
Kwan P, Brodie M J.
Early identification of refractory epilepsy.
N Engl J Med.
2000;
342
314-319
-
10
Kwan P, Arzimanoglou A, Berg A T. et al .
Definition of drug resistant epilepsy: Consensus proposal by
the ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies.
Epilepsia.
2010;
51
1069-1077
-
11
Sillanpaa M, Schmidt D.
Natural history of treated childhood-onset epilepsy:
prospective, long-term population-based study.
Brain.
2006;
129
617-624
-
12
Berg A T, Levy S R, Novotny E J. et al .
Predictors of intractable epilepsy in childhood: a
case-control study.
Epilepsia.
1996;
37
24-30
-
13
Sillanpaa M, Schmidt D.
Early seizure frequency and aetiology predict long-term
medical outcome in childhood-onset epilepsy.
Brain.
2009;
132
989-998
-
14
Semah F, Picot M C, Adam C. et al .
Is the underlying cause of epilepsy a major prognostic factor
for recurrence?.
Neurology.
1998;
51
1256-1262
-
15
Mattson R H, Cramer J A, Collins J F.
Prognosis for total control of complex partial and
secondarily generalized tonic clonic seizures. Department of Veterans Affairs
Epilepsy Cooperative Studies No. 118 and No. 264 Group.
Neurology.
1996;
47
68-76
-
16
Hitiris N, Mohanraj R, Norrie J. et al .
Predictors of pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
Epilepsy Res.
2007;
75
192-196
-
17
Aikia M, Kalviainen R, Mervaala E. et al .
Predictors of seizure outcome in newly diagnosed partial
epilepsy: memory performance as a prognostic factor.
Epilepsy Res.
1999;
37
159-167
-
18 Stefan H. Epilepsien: Diagnose und Behandlung Stuttgart, New York; Thieme 1999
-
19 Schmidt D, Elger C E. Praktische Epilepsiebehandlung, 2. Auflage. Stuttgart, New York; Georg Thieme Verlag 2002
-
20
Binnie C D, Stefan H.
Modern electroencephalography: its role in epilepsy
management.
Clin Neurophysiol.
1999;
110
1671-1697
-
21
Blume W T.
Current trends in electroencephalography.
Curr Opin Neurol.
2001;
14
193-197
-
22 Pedley T A, Mendiratta A, Walczak T S. Seizures and epilepsy. In: Ebersole JS, Pedley TA, ed Current Practice of Clinical Electroencephalography. Philadelphia; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2003: 506-587
-
23
Salinsky M, Kanter R, Dasheiff R M.
Effectiveness of multiple EEGs in supporting the diagnosis of
epilepsy: an operational curve.
Epilepsia.
1987;
28
331-334
-
24
Von Oertzen J, Urbach H, Jungbluth S. et al .
Standard magnetic resonance imaging is inadequate for
patients with refractory focal epilepsy.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
2002;
73
643-647
-
25
Serles W, Baumgartner C, Feichtinger M. et al .
Richtlinien für ein standardisiertes MRT-Protokoll
für Patienten mit epileptischen Anfällen in Österreich.
Mitteilungen der Österreichische Sektion der
Internationalen Liga gegen Epilepsie.
2003;
3
2-13
-
26
Commission on Classification and Terminology of the
International League against Epilepsy .
Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic
classification of epileptic seizures.
Epilepsia.
1981;
22
489-501
-
27
Commission on Classification and Terminology of the
International League against Epilepsy .
Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and
epileptic syndromes.
Epilepsia.
1989;
30
389-399
-
28
Berg A T, Berkovic S F, Brodie M J. et al .
Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures
and epilepsies: report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and
Terminology, 2005–2009.
Epilepsia.
2010;
51
676-685
-
29
Berg A T, Berkovic S F, Brodie M J. et al .
Revidierte Terminologie und Konzepte zur Einteilung von
epileptischen Anfällen und Epilepsien: Bericht der Klassifikations- und
Terminologiekommission der Internationalen Liga gegen Epilepsie,
2005–2009.
Akt Neurol.
2010;
37
120-130
-
30
Avanzini G.
A sound conceptual framework for an epilepsy classification
is still lacking.
Epilepsia.
2010;
51
720-722
-
31
Ferrie C D.
Terminology and organization of seizures and epilepsies:
radical changes not justified by new evidence.
Epilepsia.
2010;
51
713-714
-
32
Fisher R S.
What is a classification essay?.
Epilepsia.
2010;
51
714-715
-
33
Guerrini R.
Classification concepts and terminology: is clinical
description assertive and laboratory testing objective?.
Epilepsia.
2010;
51
718-720
-
34
Shinnar S.
The new ILAE classification.
Epilepsia.
2010;
51
715-717
-
35
Shorvon S, Guerrini R.
Acute symptomatic seizures – should we retain the
term?.
Epilepsia.
2010;
51
722-723
-
36
Krämer G.
Schon wieder eine neue Klassifikation und Nomenklatur
epileptischer Anfälle und Epilepsien?.
Akt Neurol.
2010;
37
119
-
37
Leidy N K, Elixhauser A, Vickrey B. et al .
Seizure frequency and the health-related quality of life of
adults with epilepsy.
Neurology.
1999;
53
162-166
-
38
Gilliam F G, Fessler A J, Baker G. et al .
Systematic screening allows reduction of adverse
antiepileptic drug effects: a randomized trial.
Neurology.
2004;
62
23-27
-
39
French J A, Pedley T A.
Clinical practice. Initial management of epilepsy.
N Engl J Med.
2008;
359
166-176
-
40
Sheth R D.
Metabolic concerns associated with antiepileptic
medications.
Neurology.
2004;
63
S24-29
-
41
Israni R K, Kasbekar N, Haynes K. et al .
Use of antiepileptic drugs in patients with kidney
disease.
Semin Dial.
2006;
19
408-416
-
42
Saetre E, Abdelnoor M, Amlie J P. et al .
Cardiac function and antiepileptic drug treatment in the
elderly: a comparison between lamotrigine and sustained-release
carbamazepine.
Epilepsia.
2009;
50
1841-1849
-
43
Nasreddine W, Beydoun A.
Valproate-induced thrombocytopenia: a prospective monotherapy
study.
Epilepsia.
2008;
49
438-445
-
44
Bartl R.
Antiepileptika-induzierte Osteopathie. Formen, Pathogenese,
Prophylaxe, Früherkennung, Therapie.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr.
2007;
132
1475-1479
-
45
Pack A.
Bone health in people with epilepsy: is it impaired and what
are the risk factors?.
Seizure.
2008;
17
181-186
-
46
Vestergaard P.
Epilepsy, osteoporosis and fracture risk – a
meta-analysis.
Acta Neurol Scand.
2005;
112
277-286
-
47
Nakken K O, Tauboll E.
Bone loss associated with use of antiepileptic drugs.
Expert Opin Drug Saf.
2010;
9
561-571
-
48
Ben-Menachem E.
Weight issues for people with epilepsy – a review.
Epilepsia.
2007;
48 (Suppl. 9)
42-45
-
49
Perucca E.
An introduction to antiepileptic drugs.
Epilepsia.
2005;
46 (Suppl. 4)
31-37
-
50
Kanner A M.
Depression in epilepsy: prevalence, clinical semiology,
pathogenic mechanisms, and treatment.
Biol Psychiatry.
2003;
54
388-398
-
51
Barraclough B M.
The suicide rate of epilepsy.
Acta Psychiatr Scand.
1987;
76
339-345
-
52
Jones J E, Hermann B P, Barry J J. et al .
Rates and risk factors for suicide, suicidal ideation, and
suicide attempts in chronic epilepsy.
Epilepsy Behav.
2003;
4 (Suppl. 3)
S31-38
-
53
Forsgren L, Nystrom L.
An incident case-referent study of epileptic seizures in
adults.
Epilepsy Res.
1990;
6
66-81
-
54
Hesdorffer D C, Hauser W A, Annegers J F. et al .
Major depression is a risk factor for seizures in older
adults.
Ann Neurol.
2000;
47
246-249
-
55
Kanner A M.
Depression in epilepsy: a neurobiologic perspective.
Epilepsy Curr.
2005;
5
21-27
-
56
Gilliam F, Hecimovic H, Sheline Y.
Psychiatric comorbidity, health, and function in
epilepsy.
Epilepsy Behav.
2003;
4 (Suppl. 4)
S26-30
-
57
Boylan L S, Flint L A, Labovitz D L. et al .
Depression but not seizure frequency predicts quality of life
in treatment-resistant epilepsy.
Neurology.
2004;
62
258-261
-
58
Lehrner J, Kalchmayr R, Serles W. et al .
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL), activity of daily
living (ADL) and depressive mood disorder in temporal lobe epilepsy
patients.
Seizure.
1999;
8
88-92
-
59
Kanner A M, Kozak A M, Frey M.
The Use of Sertraline in Patients with Epilepsy: Is It
Safe?.
Epilepsy Behav.
2000;
1
100-105
-
60
Jobe P C, Browning R A.
The serotonergic and noradrenergic effects of antidepressant
drugs are anticonvulsant, not proconvulsant.
Epilepsy Behav.
2005;
7
602-619
-
61
Schmitz B, Wolf P.
Psychosis in epilepsy: frequency and risk factors.
J Epilepsy.
1995;
8
295-305
-
62
Kanner A M.
Psychosis of Epilepsy: A Neurologist’s
Perspective.
Epilepsy Behav.
2000;
1
219-227
-
63
Kanner A M, Palac S.
Neuropsychiatric complications of epilepsy.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep.
2002;
2
365-372
-
64
Schmitz B.
Depression and mania in patients with epilepsy.
Epilepsia.
2005;
46 (Suppl. 4)
45-49
-
65
Mensah S A, Beavis J M, Thapar A K. et al .
A community study of the presence of anxiety disorder in
people with epilepsy.
Epilepsy Behav.
2007;
11
118-124
-
66
Vazquez B, Devinsky O.
Epilepsy and anxiety.
Epilepsy Behav.
2003;
4 (Suppl. 4)
S20-25
-
67
Beyenburg S, Mitchell A J, Schmidt D. et al .
Anxiety in patients with epilepsy: Systematic review and
suggestions for clinical management.
Epilepsy Behav.
2005;
7
161-171
-
68
Beyenburg S, Schmidt D.
Epilepsiepatienten mit Angsterkrankungen. Erkennen und
Behandeln.
Nervenarzt.
2005;
76
1077-1091
-
69 Baumgartner C, Lehner-Baumgartner E. The functional deficit zone – general principles. In: Lüders HO, ed Textbook of Epilepsy Surgery. London; Informa Healthcare 2008: 781-791
-
70
Elger C E, Helmstaedter C, Kurthen M.
Chronic epilepsy and cognition.
Lancet Neurol.
2004;
3
663-672
-
71 Helmstaedter C. Neuropsychologie bei Epilepsie. In: Sturm W, Herrmann M, Wallesch CW, eds Lehrbuch der Klinischen Neuropsychologie. Lisse, NL; Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers 2000: 571-580
-
72
Helmstaedter C, Kurthen M.
Memory and epilepsy: characteristics, course, and influence
of drugs and surgery.
Curr Opin Neurol.
2001;
14
211-216
-
73
Jokeit H, Schacher M.
Neuropsychological aspects of type of epilepsy and
etiological factors in adults.
Epilepsy Behav.
2004;
5 (Suppl. 1)
S14-20
-
74 Lehner-Baumgartner E, Baumgartner C. Epilepsien. In: Lehrner J, Pusswald G, Fertl E, Strubreither W,
Kryspin-Exner I, eds Klinische Neuropsychologie:
Grundlagen-Diagnostik-Rehabilitation. Wien; Springer 2006: 315-326
-
75
Hermann B, Seidenberg M.
Epilepsy and cognition.
Epilepsy Curr.
2007;
7
1-6
-
76
Hermann B, Seidenberg M, Jones J.
The neurobehavioural comorbidities of epilepsy: can a natural
history be developed?.
Lancet Neurol.
2008;
7
151-160
-
77
Loring D W, Marino S, Meador K J.
Neuropsychological and behavioral effects of antiepilepsy
drugs.
Neuropsychol Rev.
2007;
17
413-425
-
78
Meador K J.
Cognitive and memory effects of the new antiepileptic
drugs.
Epilepsy Res.
2006;
68
63-67
-
79
Runbech L, Sabers A.
Effect of antiepileptic drugs on cognitive function in
individuals with epilepsy: a comparative review of newer versus older
agents.
Drugs.
2002;
62
593-604
-
80
Kockelmann E, Elger C E, Helmstaedter C.
Significant improvement in frontal lobe associated
neuropsychological functions after withdrawal of topiramate in epilepsy
patients.
Epilepsy Res.
2003;
54
171-178
-
81
Ortinski P, Meador K J.
Cognitive side effects of antiepileptic drugs.
Epilepsy Behav.
2004;
5 (Suppl. 1)
S60-65
-
82
Park S P, Hwang Y H, Lee H W. et al .
Long-term cognitive and mood effects of zonisamide
monotherapy in epilepsy patients.
Epilepsy Behav.
2008;
12
102-108
-
83
Baumgartner C, Gallmetzer P, Zeitlhofer J.
Schlafstörungen bei Epilepsie.
Klin Neurophysiol.
2008;
39
230-236
-
84
Kwan P, Brodie M J.
Effectiveness of first antiepileptic drug.
Epilepsia.
2001;
42
1255-1260
-
85
Brodie M J, Perucca E, Ryvlin P. et al .
Comparison of levetiracetam and controlled-release
carbamazepine in newly diagnosed epilepsy.
Neurology.
2007;
68
402-408
-
86
Glauser T, Ben-Menachem E, Bourgeois B. et al .
ILAE treatment guidelines: evidence-based analysis of
antiepileptic drug efficacy and effectiveness as initial monotherapy for
epileptic seizures and syndromes.
Epilepsia.
2006;
47
1094-1120
-
87
Marson A G, Al-Kharusi A M, Alwaidh M. et al .
The SANAD study of effectiveness of carbamazepine,
gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, or topiramate for treatment of partial
epilepsy: an unblinded randomised controlled trial.
Lancet.
2007;
369
1000-1015
-
88
Wheless J W, Clarke D F, Arzimanoglou A. et al .
Treatment of pediatric epilepsy: European expert opinion,
2007.
Epileptic Disord.
2007;
9
353-412
-
89
Glauser T A, Cnaan A, Shinnar S. et al .
Ethosuximide, valproic acid, and lamotrigine in childhood
absence epilepsy.
N Engl J Med.
2010;
362
790-799
-
90
French J A, Kanner A M, Bautista J. et al .
Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs I:
treatment of new onset epilepsy: report of the Therapeutics and Technology
Assessment Subcommittee and Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American
Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society.
Neurology.
2004;
62
1252-1260
-
91
Bergey G K.
Evidence-based treatment of idiopathic generalized epilepsies
with new antiepileptic drugs.
Epilepsia.
2005;
46 (Suppl. 9)
161-168
-
92
Camfield C, Camfield P.
Management guidelines for children with idiopathic
generalized epilepsy.
Epilepsia.
2005;
46 (Suppl. 9)
112-116
-
93
Hitiris N, Brodie M J.
Evidence-based treatment of idiopathic generalized epilepsies
with older antiepileptic drugs.
Epilepsia.
2005;
46 (Suppl. 9)
149-153
-
94
Marson A G, Al-Kharusi A M, Alwaidh M. et al .
The SANAD study of effectiveness of valproate, lamotrigine,
or topiramate for generalised and unclassifiable epilepsy: an unblinded
randomised controlled trial.
Lancet.
2007;
369
1016-1026
-
95
French J A, Kanner A M, Bautista J. et al .
Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs II:
treatment of refractory epilepsy: report of the Therapeutics and Technology
Assessment Subcommittee and Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American
Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society.
Neurology.
2004;
62
1261-1273
-
96
Beyenburg S, Stavem K, Schmidt D.
Placebo-corrected efficacy of modern antiepileptic drugs for
refractory epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Epilepsia.
2010;
51
7-26
-
97
Labiner D M, Paradis P E, Manjunath R. et al .
Generic antiepileptic drugs and associated medical resource
utilization in the United States.
Neurology.
2010;
74
1566-1574
-
98
Helmers S L, Paradis P E, Manjunath R. et al .
Economic burden associated with the use of generic
antiepileptic drugs in the United States.
Epilepsy Behav.
2010 Jun 25 [Epub ahead of print];
-
99
Harden C L, Hopp J, Ting T Y. et al .
Practice parameter update: management issues for women with
epilepsy--focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): obstetrical
complications and change in seizure frequency: report of the Quality Standards
Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the
American Academy of Neurology and American Epilepsy Society.
Neurology.
2009;
73
126-132
-
100
Harden C L, Meador K J, Pennell P B. et al .
Practice parameter update: management issues for women with
epilepsy--focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): teratogenesis and
perinatal outcomes: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and
Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of
Neurology and American Epilepsy Society.
Neurology.
2009;
73
133-141
-
101
Harden C L, Pennell P B, Koppel B S. et al .
Practice parameter update: management issues for women with
epilepsy--focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): vitamin K, folic acid,
blood levels, and breastfeeding: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee
and Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy
of Neurology and American Epilepsy Society.
Neurology.
2009;
73
142-149
-
102
Meador K J, Baker G A, Browning N. et al .
Cognitive function at 3 years of age after fetal exposure to
antiepileptic drugs.
N Engl J Med.
2009;
360
1597-1605
-
103
Bromley R L, Baker G A, Meador K J.
Cognitive abilities and behaviour of children exposed to
antiepileptic drugs in utero.
Curr Opin Neurol.
2009;
22
162-166
-
104
Brodie M J, Elder A T, Kwan P.
Epilepsy in later life.
Lancet Neurol.
2009;
8
1019-1030
-
105
Brodie M J, Kwan P.
Epilepsy in elderly people.
BMJ.
2005;
331
1317-1322
-
106 Krämer G. Epilepsien im höheren Lebensalter. Stuttgart; Thieme 1998
-
107
Engel Jr J, Wiebe S, French J. et al .
Practice parameter: Temporal lobe and localized neocortical
resections for epilepsy: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the
American Academy of Neurology, in Association with the American Epilepsy
Society and the American Association of Neurological Surgeons.
Neurology.
2003;
60
538-547
-
108
Wiebe S, Blume W T, Girvin J P. et al .
A randomized, controlled trial of surgery for temporal-lobe
epilepsy.
N Engl J Med.
2001;
345
311-318
-
109
Tellez-Zenteno J F, Dhar R, Wiebe S.
Long-term seizure outcomes following epilepsy surgery: a
systematic review and meta-analysis.
Brain.
2005;
128
1188-1198
-
110
Baumgartner C.
Epilepsiechirurgie und Neurostimulation.
J Neuol Neurochir Psychiat.
2009;
10
40-54
-
111
Baumgartner C.
Neurostimulation zur Behandlung von Epilepsien – Eine
kritische Bilanz.
Nervenheilkunde.
2007;
26
999-1005
Univ.-Prof. DI Dr. Christoph Baumgartner
Karl Landsteiner Institut für Klinische Epilepsieforschung
und Kognitive Neurologie
2. Neurologische
Abteilung
Krankenhaus Hietzing mit Neurologischem Zentrum
Rosenhügel, Wien
Riedelgasse 5
1130 Wien, Österreich
eMail: christoph.baumgartner@wienkav.at
