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DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251920
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Interdisziplinäre Notfälle bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen
Interdisciplinary emergencies in rheumatic diseasesPublikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 21.10.2009
akzeptiert: 22.3.2010
Publikationsdatum:
31. März 2010 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Rheumatische Erkrankungen können durch Befall und Schädigung lebenswichtiger Organe akute Notfälle und lebenbedrohliche Zustände auslösen. Praktisch hinter jedem Leitsymptom der internistischen Notfallmedizin kann eine Komplikation einer rheumatischen Erkrankung stehen. Die relative Seltenheit rheumatischer Erkrankungen im internistischen Alltag erfordert ein hohes Maß an differentialdiagnostischer Aufmerksamkeit, um im Einzelfall das Vorliegen eines Notfalls auf dem Boden einer rheumatischen Erkrankung zu erkennen. Die wichtigen rheumatologischen Notfallkrankheitsbilder umfassen die septische Arthritis, die Gicht, die atlantoaxiale Instabilität, die renale Krise und ischämische Ulcera bei systemischer Sklerose, Amaurosis fugax bei Riesenzell-Arteriitis, das katastrophale Anti-Phospholipid-Antikörper Syndrom und das pulmorenale Syndrom. Der Beitrag stellt einen Überblick über diese Notfallentitäten der Rheumatologie dar, um im Ernstfall ein (Wieder-) Erkennen der dargestellten Krankheitsbilder zu erleichtern und somit die Voraussetzung für eine rasche, adäquate Therapie zu schaffen, die für die betroffenen Patienten von vitaler Bedeutung ist.
Abstract
Rheumatic disease can affect and severely damage vital organs and thus cause acute emergencies and life-threatening complications. As systemic diseases they can cause any presenting complaint commonly encountered in emergency medicine. Because of their relative rarity in general practice, a high level of vigilance is required in order to recognize an emergency caused by an underlying rheumatic disease in individual cases. The most important rheumatological emergencies comprise septic arthritis, gout, atlantoaxial subluxation, renal crisis and digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis, amaurosis fugax in giant cell arteritis, the catastrophic anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome and the pulmonary-renal syndrome. This article provides an overview over these rheumatological emergencies in order to aid recognition of these entities in individual cases and to thus facilitate immediate and adequate treatment, which is of vital importance for affected patients.
Schlüsselwörter
septische Arthritis - systemische Sklerose - Raynaud-Syndrom - Riesenzellarteriitis - Anti-Phospholipid-Syndrom - pulmorenales Syndrom
Schlüsselwörter
septische Arthritis - systemische Sklerose - Raynaud-Syndrom - Riesenzellarteriitis - Anti-Phospholipid-Syndrom - pulmorenales Syndrom
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Dr. med. Ingo H. Tarner
Abteilung für Rheumatologie, klinische
Immunologie, Osteologie und Physikalische Medizin, Kerckhoff-Klinik
Benekestr. 2-8
61231 Bad Nauheim
Telefon: 06032/996-2802
Fax: 06032/996-2809
eMail: Ingo.H.Tarner@innere.med.uni-giessen.de