Abstract
A practical one-pot C-H activation/borylation/oxidation
sequence for the generation of 3,5-disubstituted phenols is presented. Specifically,
3-bromo-5-methylphenol is prepared from 3-bromotoluene, without
isolation of intermediates, on a multigram scale, and in high yield.
The process proceeds under mild conditions and can be completed
within one day.
Key words
phenol - C-H activation - borylation - oxidation - boronic ester
References
1
Tyman JP.
Synthetic and Natural Phenols
Elsevier;
New York:
1996.
2
Davidson JP.
Sarma K.
Fishlock D.
Welch MH.
Sukhtankar S.
Lee GM.
Martin M.
Cooper GF.
Org. Process Res.
Dev.
2010,
477
3a
Hodgson HH.
Wignall JS.
J. Chem. Soc.
1926,
2077
3b Also see: Kohn M.
Zandman A.
Montsh.
Chem.
1926,
47:
357
4a
Cho J.-Y.
Tse MK.
Holmes D.
Maleczka RE.
Smith MR.
Science
2002,
295:
305
4b
Boller TM.
Murphy JM.
Hapke M.
Ishiyama T.
Miyaura N.
Hartwig JF.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
2005,
127:
14263
4c For a review see: Mkhalid IAI.
Barnard JH.
Marder TB.
Murphy JM.
Hartwig JF.
Chem.
Rev.
2010,
110:
890
5
Maleczka RE.
Shi F.
Holmes D.
Smith MR.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
2003,
125:
7792
6 C-H Acidities can also influence
regiochemical outcomes, see: Vanchura BA.
Preshlock SM.
Roosen PC.
Kallepalli VA.
Staples RJ.
Maleczka RE.
Singleton DA.
Smith MR.
Chem.
Commun.
2010,
46:
7724
7
Webb KS.
Levy D.
Tetrahedron Lett.
1995,
36:
5117
8
Marshall LJ.
Cable KM.
Botting NP.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2010,
51:
2690
9 For a Pd-catalyzed borylation/oxidation
approach to similar phenols see: Lee Y.
Kelly MJ.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2006,
47:
4897
10 For a multigram borylation of 1-chloro-3-iodobenzene
with [Ir(OMe)(cod)]2 -dtbpy and B2 pin2 see: Ishiyama T.
Takagi J.
Nobuta Y.
Miyaura N.
Org.
Synth.
2005,
82:
126
11 So as to establish a benchmark yield
herein, the starting 3-bromotoluene was distilled over
CaH2 under reduced pressure and degassed before use.
In most cases the starting arene can be used as received, but yields
are dependent on starting material quality, which can vary by vendor
and batch. A use test prior to scale up is recommended.
12
Merola JS.
Kacmarcik RT.
Organometallics
1989,
8:
778
13a Whereas
(Ind)Ir(cod) and H-BPin are relatively air stable, dmpe
is ‘moderately sensitive to air’¹³b and
should be handled under an inert atmosphere. Herein, the flask into which
the initial set of reagents was charged was in a glovebox. Once
charged, the flask was moved to a fume hood where the actual reaction
was run
13b
Burt RJ.
Chatt J.
Hussain W.
Leigh GJ.
J.
Organomet. Chem.
1979,
182:
203
14 WARNING: As with any oxidation of
this type, one should be watchful for exotherms and control the
rate of addition accordingly.