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DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1260169
N-Heterocyclic Carbene/Pd(II)/1-Methylimidazole Complex Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Reaction of Aryl Chlorides in Water
Publication History
Publication Date:
10 August 2011 (online)
Abstract
A well-defined N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)/palladium chloride/imidazole complex exhibited high catalytic activity in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions of aryl or heteroaryl chlorides performed in water. Under optimal conditions, all reactions gave the desired coupling products in good to high yields.
Key words
N-heterocyclic carbenes - palladium - imidazole - Suzuki-Miyaura coupling - water
- Supporting Information for this article is available online:
- Supporting Information
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References
Although NaOH is a suitable base for the coupling of chlorobenzene (2a) with 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid (3a), the generality using NaOH as the base is not as good as that using t-BuOK, which is consistent with our previously reported results (ref. 8). See the Supporting Information for the details.
10Further studies showed that t-BuOH derived from the reaction of t-BuOK with H2O may be important in the reactions using t-BuOK as the base. Using KOH as the base, the yield can also be increased to 93% in the presence of 1.0 equivalent t-BuOH (Scheme 1).