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Synthesis 2011(20): 3209-3219
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1260212
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1260212
REVIEW
© Georg Thieme Verlag
Stuttgart ˙ New York
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization for the Synthesis of Substituted Pyridines
Further Information
Received
12 July 2011
Publication Date:
07 September 2011 (online)
Publication History
Publication Date:
07 September 2011 (online)
Abstract
The direct functionalization of pyridine and related azine derivatives through carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions is reviewed. Various transformations that use a variety of transition-metal catalysts are covered, including alkylation, alkenylation, arylation, and acylation. In addition to the conventionally observed C2-selectivity for these transformations, recent developments involve selective introduction of newly formed carbon-carbon bonds to the C3- and C4-positions of pyridine and azine nuclei. The reaction scope and a proposed mechanism for each transformation are briefly summarized.
1 Introduction
2 C2-Selective Functionalization
3 C3-Selective Functionalization
4 C4-Selective Functionalization
5 Conclusions
Key words
pyridine - C-H functionalization - alkylation - alkenylation - arylation - acylation - transition-metal catalysis
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