Abstract
On treatment with boron trifluoride etherate as a Lewis acid,
acetophenone and benzophenone derivatives bearing a prenyl (or a
related) side chain in ortho -position
were shown to undergo intramolecular carbonyl-olefin metathesis,
in the absence of any transition-metal catalyst. The cationic cyclization
process is supposed to proceed via an oxetane intermediate, which
fragments to give the cyclization product (indene or 1,2-dihydronaphthalene)
and a ketone (acetone) as a stoichiometric by-product. Several substrates were
shown to afford the metathesis products with up to 93% yield.
Key words
olefin metathesis - cyclization - Lewis acids - carbenium ions - oxetanes - natural products
References and Notes
For selected reviews, see:
1a
Ivin FJ.
Olefin Metathesis
Academic
Press;
London:
1983.
1b
Schmalz H.-G.
Angew. Chem.
Int. Ed.
1995,
34:
1833
1c
Grubbs RH.
Miller
SJ.
Fu GC.
Acc. Chem. Res.
1995,
28:
446
1d
Grubbs RH.
Chang S.
Tetrahedron
1998,
54:
4413
1e
Schuster M.
Blechert S.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
1997,
36:
2036
1f
Schrock RR.
Tetrahedron
1999,
55:
8141
1g
Fürstner A.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2000,
39:
3012
1h
Schrock RR.
Hoveyda AH.
Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed.
2003,
42:
4592
1i
Deiters A.
Martin SF.
Chem. Rev.
2004,
104:
2199
2a
Trnka TM.
Grubbs RH.
Acc. Chem. Res.
2001,
34:
18
2b
Armstrong SK.
J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1
1998,
371
2c
Dragutan I.
Dragutan V.
Filip P.
ARKIVOC
2005,
(x):
105
2d
Wengrovius HJ.
Sancho J.
Schrock RR.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1981,
103:
3932
2e
Grubbs RH.
Handbook of Metathesis
Wiley-VCH;
Weinheim:
.
3a
Astruc D.
New J. Chem.
2005,
29:
42
3b
Basset J.-M.
Leconte M.
Chemtech
1980,
10:
762
4a
Herrison J.-L.
Chauvin Y.
Makromol.
Chem.
1970,
141:
161
4b
Katz TJ.
McGinnis J.
J. Am.
Chem. Soc.
1977,
99:
1903
4c
Leconte M.
Basset JM.
Quignard F.
Larroche C.
Mechanistic
Aspects of the Olefin Metathesis Reaction, in Reactions
of Coordinated Ligands
Vol. 1:
Braterman PS.
Plenum;
New
York:
1986.
p.371
5a
Pine SH.
Zahler R.
Evans DA.
Grubbs RH.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1980,
102:
3270
5b For a review, see: Grubbs RH.
Pine SH.
Comprehensive Organic Synthesis
Vol.
5:
Trost BM.
Fleming I.
Pergamon Press;
Oxford:
1991.
p.1115
6a
Fu GC.
Grubbs RH.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
1993,
115:
3800
6b
Nicolaou KC.
Postema MHD.
Claiborne CF.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1996,
118:
1565
6c
Nicolaou KC.
Postema MHD.
Yue EW.
Nadin A.
J.
Am. Chem. Soc.
1996,
118:
10335
6d
Majumder U.
Rainier JD.
Tetrahedron Lett.
2005,
46:
7209
6e
Iyer K.
Rainier JD.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2007,
129:
12604
7
Slavov N.
Cvengros J.
Neudörfl J.-M.
Schmalz H.-G.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2010,
49:
7588
8
Konieczny MT.
Maciejewski G.
Konieczny W.
Synthesis
2005,
1575
9 For a summary of data see: Cambridge
Crystallographic Data Centre; Deposit Number: CCDC-836866.
10a
Jackson AC.
Goldman BE.
Snider BB.
J.
Org. Chem.
1984,
49:
3988
For Lewis acid induced carbonyl-alkyne metathesis
reactions (related to enyne metathesis), see, for instance:
10b
Curini M.
Epifano F.
Maltese F.
Rosati O.
Synlett
2003,
552
10c
Rhee JU.
Krische MJ.
Org.
Lett.
2005,
7:
2493
10d
Jin T.
Yamamoto Y.
Org. Lett.
2007,
9:
5259
10e
Bera K.
Sarkar S.
Biswas S.
Maiti S.
Jana U.
J.
Org. Chem.
2011,
76:
3539
11 For the Lewis acid induced fragmentation
of oxetanes prepared by Paterno-Büchi cycloaddition,
see: Carless HJ.
Trivedi HS.
J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.
1979,
382
12
Gerbino DC.
Mandolesi SD.
Podesta JC.
Schmalz H.-G.
Eur.
J. Org. Chem.
2009,
3964
13
Silva LF.
Siqueira FA.
Pedrozo EC.
Vieira FYM.
Doriguetto AC.
Org. Lett.
2007,
9:
1433
14
Enders D.
Niemeier O.
Synlett
2004,
2111
15 It proved to be important to quench
the reaction mixture by addition of aq NaHCO3 prior to
extractive workup. Otherwise significant amounts of a by-product
(a dimer of 17 as indicated by GC-MS)
were formed probably through a proton-mediated process.
16a
Poe SL.
Cummings MA.
Haaf MP.
McQuade
DT.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2006,
45:
1544
16b
Baeyer A.
Drewsen V.
Ber.
1882,
15:
2856
17
General Procedure
for BF
3
˙Et
2
O-Induced Ring-Closing Metathesis :
In an argon-flushed Schlenk tube ortho -prenyl acetophenone
(13a ; 250 mg, 1.32 mmol) dissolved in anhyd CH2 Cl2 (26
mL) was cooled to -40 ˚C. Dropwise addition of BF3 ˙OEt2 (0.25
mL, 1.98 mmol) afforded a yellow solution, which was stirred for
1 h at -40 ˚C. After addition of sat. aq NaHCO3 (20
mL) at 0 ˚C the mixture was extracted with CH2 Cl2 (3 × 40
mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4 ),
filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was
purified by chromatography on silica(cyclohexane) to provide 3-methyl-1H -indene (17 ;
150 mg, 1.15 mmol, 87%) as a colorless oil; R
f
0.65
(pentane).
¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3 ): δ = 2.18
(dd, 3 H), 3.33 (m, 2 H), 6.21 (d, 1 H) 7.20 (dt, 1 H), 7.33 (q,
2 H), 7.46 (d, 1 H). ¹³ C NMR (75 MHz,
CDCl3 ): = 13.0, 37.6,
118.8, 123.6, 124.4, 126.0, 128.7, 139.9, 144.3, 146.1. IR-ATR:(film) = 3013
(w), 2931 (w), 1681 (m), 1460 (m), 1433 (m), 1379 (m), 1015 (m),
1001 (m), 943 (m), 760 (s), 717 (s) cm-¹ . HRMS
(EI, 70 eV): m /z calcd
for C10 H10 : 130.0782; found: 130.079.