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DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1265915
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Neues in der Neuroonkologie
New Developments in Neuro-OncologyPublication History
Publication Date:
28 October 2010 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Die Standardtherapie des Glioblastoms für erwachsene Patienten ist operative Resektion, Bestrahlung und Temozolomid-Chemotherapie. Therapiestudien mit dem Ziel, dies zu verbessern, werden mit Substanzen durchgeführt, welche Neoangiogenese hemmen, und / oder intrazelluläre Signalübertragung als „small molecules” blockieren, oder auf anderem Wege in Prozesse eingreifen, die Zellproliferation, Migration und / oder Apoptose steuern. Zum Glioblastom des älteren Menschen wurden 2010 aus 2 großen europäischen Studien widersprüchliche Befunde zum Vergleich der Wirksamkeit einer postoperativen alleinigen Bestrahlung mit einer postoperativen alleinigen Chemotherapie vorgelegt, wobei die Unterschiede zwischen den Modalitäten jedoch marginal sind. Beim Rezidiv eines malignen Glioms kommen Re-Operation, Re-Bestrahlung und medikamentöse Therapien zum Einsatz. Zur Therapie des primären ZNS-Lymphoms ist bislang kein „Standard” definiert. Eine Chemotherapie unter Einschluss von Methotrexat (MTX) ist die Basis jeder erfolgreichen Primärtherapie; die Indikation für eine zusätzliche „konsolidierende” Strahlentherapie muss nach den Ergebnissen der größten Therapiestudie bei Primären ZNS-Lymphomen (G-PCNSL-SG1-Studie) bezweifelt werden. Danach besteht im randomisierten Vergleich einer kombinierten Methotrexat(MTX)-basierten Chemo- / Strahlentherapie mit einer alleinigen MTX-basierten Chemotherapie in der Primärbehandlung (und Bestrahlung erst im Rezidiv) kein Überlebensvorteil für eine der beiden Gruppen. Ermutigende Langzeittherapieergebnisse für Patienten bis zum 65. Lebensjahr konnten in einer einarmigen Phase-II-Studie mit einer kombinierten systemischen und intraventrikulären Chemotherapie ohne Bestrahlung erzielt werden: Bei guter Lebensqualität waren etwa die Hälfte der Patienten nach mehr als 8 Jahren noch am Leben.
Abstract
The standard of care in adult glioblastoma is tumour resection followed by concomitant radio-/chemotherapy with temozolomide and adjuvant temozolomide. To improve this standard, clinical trials are currently evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of inhibitors of angiogenesis, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and other substances to inhibit proliferation and / or induce apoptosis. Two European multicentre trials in elderly patients with glioblastoma have revealed discrepant results, which as yet show only marginal differences between these modalities in terms of overall survival. For recurrent malignant glioma, re-operation, re-irradiation and salvage medical treatment can be offered. Re-irradiation, chemotherapy and „targeted therapies” are subjects of clinical trials currently underway. There is no „standard” therapy for primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). Methotrexate (MTX)-based chemotherapy should be considered first. The usefulness of „consolidating” radiotherapy after chemotherapy is questioned due to results of the largest prospective randomised phase III trial carried out on this entity. No survival benefit could be found in patients receiving whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) after complete response to MTX-based chemotherapy in comparison to those treated with chemotherapy alone and salvage WBRT for relapse. In patients aged 65 years or younger, cure is the aim; a single-arm phase II trial on conventional MTX-based systemic and intraventricular chemotherapy has revealed long-term survival of more than 8 years in about half of the patients up to the age of 65 years with good quality of life.
Schlüsselwörter
Chemotherapie - Strahlentherapie - Gliome - primäre ZNS-Lymphome
Keywords
chemotherapy - radiotherapy - glioma - primary CNS lymphoma
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Prof. Dr. med. Uwe Schlegel
Universitätsklinik für Neurologie, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
In der Schornau 23–25
44892 Bochum
Email: uwe.schlegel@kk-bochum.de