Diabetes und Demenz – Typ-2-Diabetiker haben ein erhöhtes Demenzrisiko

Epidemiologische Untersuchungen zeigen, dass Diabetes mellitus ein Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung kognitiver Leistungsprobleme ist. Dabei lassen sich sowohl schlechtere kognitive Leistungen im Vergleich zu Kontrollpersonen als auch eine raschere Abnahme dieser kognitiven Funktionen in der Zeit (cognitive decline) und eine höhere Inzidenz von Demenzerkrankungen (vaskuläre Demenz und Alzheimer-Demenz) feststellen. Als Ursachen dafür werden vaskulär-ischämische Schäden, negative Einflüsse von Hyper- und Hypoglykämie und komplexe Störungen im Rahmen der Insulinresistenz diskutiert. Aus diesen Zusammenhängen ergeben sich auch Ansatzpunkte für eine Therapie und Prävention von cognitive decline bei Diabetespatienten.

Epidemiological studies have shown that diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for the development of cognitive problems. Patients with diabetes perform worse than healthy control subjects on cognitive tests, they experience a more severe progression of these problems over time (cognitive decline) and they have a higher incidence of dementia, both of vascular and of Alzheimer type. Possible causes for this cognitive decline are vascular damages, negative influences of hypo- and hyperglycemia and complex disturbances of insulin function, summarised as insulin-resistance. These findings may lead to future targets of treatment and prevention of cognitive decline in patients with diabetes.

Key words

Type 2 diabetes - cognitive problems - cognitive decline - vascular dementia - Alzheimer dementia

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