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Int J Sports Med 2011; 32(4): 259-265
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269894
Training & Testing

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Seasonal Changes in Stress Indicators in High Level Football

O. Faude1 , 2 , M. Kellmann3 , 4 , T. Ammann2 , R. Schnittker2 , T. Meyer1 , 2
  • 1Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; FIFA – Medical Centre of Excellence
  • 2Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Sports and Health, University of Paderborn, Germany
  • 3Ruhr-University of Bochum, Faculty of Sport Science, Germany
  • 4The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement Studies, Australia
Further Information

Publication History

accepted after revision November 13, 2010

Publication Date:
26 January 2011 (online)

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Abstract

This study aimed at describing changes in stress and performance indicators throughout a competitive season in high level football. 15 players (19.5±3.0 years, 181±5 cm, 75.7±9.0 kg) competing under professional circumstances were tested at baseline and 3 times during the season 2008/09 (in-season 1, 2, 3). Testing consisted of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (Total Stress and Recovery score), vertical jump tests (counter movement and drop jump (DJ)), and a maximal ramp-like running test. Average match exposure was higher during a 3-weeks period prior to in-season 3 compared to in-season 1 and 2 (1.5 vs. 1 h/week, p=0.05). Total Stress score was elevated at in-season 1 and 2 compared to baseline (p<0.01) with a further increase at in-season 3 (p<0.03; generalized eta squared (η2 g)=0.37). Total Recovery score was decreased at in-season 1 and 3 compared to baseline (p<0.05; η2 g=0.21). Maximal running velocity (Vmax) and jumping heights were not significantly affected (η2 g≤0.04). Changes in DJ height and Vmax between baseline and in-season 3 were correlated with the corresponding changes in Total Stress score (r=−0.55 and r=−0.61, p<0.03). Usual match exposure during a professional football season does not induce relevant changes in performance indicators. Accumulated stress and a lack of recovery towards the end of a season might be indicated by psychometric deteriorations.

Key words

soccer - overreaching - fatigue - performance - match exposure - recovery

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Correspondence

Dr. Oliver FaudePhD 

Saarland University

Institute of Sports and

Preventive Medicine

Campus Bldg. B8.2

66123 Saarbrücken

Germany

Phone: +49/681/302 70405

Fax: +49/681/302 4296

Email: o.faude@mx.uni-saarland.de