Zusammenfassung
Koronare Spaltluxationsfrakturen des Os hamatum und der Os metakarpale IV-Basis ohne oder mit Luxation des Hamatometakarpale V-Gelenkes sind selten. Ursächlich ist meist ein kräftiger Schlag mit der geballten Faust. Die Verletzung wird nicht selten auf konventionellen Röntgenaufnahmen übersehen. Neben einer posterior-anterior und einer Schrägaufnahme der Mittelhand ist eine streng seitliche Röntgenaufnahme sinnvoll. Das genaue Verletzungsausmaß lässt sich mit der Computertomografie auch im Hinblick auf die Planung des therapeutischen Vorgehens bestimmen. Die konservative Therapie führt meist nicht zu akzeptablen Ergebnissen. Dislozierte Frakturen des Hakenbeins, der Basis des 4. Mittelhandknochens sowie Subluxationen oder Luxationen der ulnaren karpometakarpalen Gelenkreihe stellen eine Operationsindikation mit dem Ziel der anatomischen Reposition dar. Eine Schrauben- und/oder Bohrdrahtosteosynthese einschließlich einer 6-wöchigen temporären Gelenktransfixation und einer postoperativen 6-wöchigen Gipsschienenruhigstellung ermöglichen in der Regel eine reguläre Ausheilung mit Wiedererreichen einer schmerzfreien und normalen Handfunktion. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt 2 Fallbeispiele einer koronaren Spaltluxationsfraktur des Os hamatum und der Os metakarpale IV-Basis mit Subluxation des Hamatometakarpale V-Gelenkes und gibt eine Übersicht über Anatomie, Epidemiologie, Unfallmechanismus, Klassifikation, Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie.
Abstract
Fractures of the hamate body and the base of the fourth metacarpal bone in the coronal plane with or without a dislocation of the base of the fifth metacarpal bone are rare. Clenched fist punches are considered to be the main cause. The diagnosis of the fracture dislocation is often missed on routine radiographs. Posterior-anterior, lateral, and oblique views are required for native radiological evaluation. A CT scan can help in the assessment of severity and for preoperative planning. Unless minimal displacement is present, non-surgical treatment does not lead to satisfying outcome. Displaced fractures of the hamate body and the base of the fourth metacarpal bone with or without subluxation of the hamatometacarpal joint should be stabilised by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Controversy exists about the surgical treatment of choice. Screw or K-wire fixation with postoperative cast immobilisation for 6 weeks and consecutive hardware removal has been found to result in excellent clinical and radiological outcomes. This study presents 2 cases of coronal fractures of the body of the hamate and the base of the fourth metacarpal bone with subluxation of the hamatometacarpal V joint. Anatomy, epidemiology, classification, mechanism, clinical symptoms, diagnostic features, and therapy options for these injuries are discussed.
Schlüsselwörter
Hamatumfraktur - karpometakarpale Luxation - Metakarpalefraktur - koronare Spaltfraktur
Key words
hamate fracture - carpometacarpal dislocation - metacarpal fracture - coronal plane fracture
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Korrespondenzadresse
Dr. Ronny Langenhan
HBH-Kliniken Singen
Klinik für Orthopädie,
Unfall- und Handchirurgie
Virchowstraße 10
78224 Singen
eMail: ronnyla@gmx.de