Abstract
Background: Cardiac murmurs may be frequently found in otherwise asymptomatic children. Obstetric ultrasound screening for congenital heart disease is increasingly used to provide an antenatal diagnosis and an early treatment; thus, the incidence of cardiac anomalies in children has changed. We evaluated cardiac murmurs in otherwise healthy children referred to a level I pediatric cardiology institution.
Methods: Echocardiography data from a cohort of 2 045 patients from 2000 to 2009 were evaluated and the incidence and type of a newly diagnosed congenital heart disease have been determined.
Results: The majority of the children with a cardiac murmur were found to have an innocent murmur, chordae tendinae, or a minor lesion. Children born after obstetric screening are nevertheless associated with a small risk of severe congenital heart disease. We found 14.9% with a previously unknown congenital cardiac malformation; 1.4% required medical treatment and 0.6% of the patients had either a catheter or a surgical intervention.
Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the use of obstetric screening for congenital heart disease reduces the occurrence of severe heart disease. Otherwise healthy children with murmurs still bear a small risk of having a cardiac defect, even if a prenatal study was negative. Therefore, the evaluation of children with a murmur by a pediatric cardiologist is recommended in an antenatally-screened population.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Herzgeräusche finden sich häufig bei asymptomatischen Kindern. Dank der Fortschritte des geburtshilflichen Ultraschalls werden angeborene Herzfehler zunehmend schon pränatal diagnostiziert. Eine frühzeitige und zielgerichtete Behandlung wird somit ermöglicht. Dies hat zu einer Veränderung der Inzidenz angeborener Herzfehler bei Kindern mit Herzgeräuschen geführt, die in dieser Studie untersucht wurde.
Methode: Die echokardiografischen Daten einer Kohorte von 2 045 Patienten aus dem Zeitraum 2000–2009, die einem pränatalen Ultraschallscreening unterzogen waren, wurden evaluiert und die Häufigkeit und Art von bisher nicht bekannten angeborenen Herzfehlern ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse: Der Großteil der Kinder mit Herzgeräuschen hatte ein „Wachstumsgeräusch” ohne pathologisches Substrat, einen Sehnenfaden oder lediglich einen geringfügigen Herzfehler. Dennoch besteht für Kinder auch nach dem geburtshilflichen Screening ein wenn auch geringes Risiko, dennoch einen zugrundeliegenden schwerwiegenden Herzfehler zu haben. In dieser Studienpopulation fanden sich 14,9% der Patienten mit einer zuvor unbekannten angeborenen Herzfehlbildung; 1,4% benötigten eine medikamentöse und 0,6% eine interventionelle oder chirurgische Behandlung.
Schlussfolgerung: Das geburtshilfliche Screening angeborener Fehlbildungen des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems hat das Vorkommen schwerwiegender angeborener Herzfehler bei ansonsten asymptomatischen Kindern mit Herzgeräuschen reduziert. Dennoch verbleibt ein geringes Risiko eines schweren Herzfehlers. Daher wird die kinderkardiologische Abklärung auch für Kinder mit Herzgeräuschen, die bereits einer pränatalen Ultraschalldiagnostik unterzogen wurden, empfohlen.
Key words
heart murmur - children - heart disease - echocardiography - congenital heart disease
Schlüsselwörter
Herzgeräusche - Kinder - Pränataldiagnostik - Echokardiografie - angeborene Herzfehler
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Correspondence
Dr. Peter K. VoitlMD, PhD
Ambulatorium für
Kinderkardiologie
Donaucitystraße 1
1220 Vienna
Austria
Telefon: +43/6991/950 3000
Fax: +43/1263/7979 79
eMail: office@kinderarzt.at