Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Menschen, die Opfer von Gewalt geworden sind, haben vielfältige Probleme. Neben der medizinischen Diagnostik und Therapie gilt es, diese Patienten in ihrer Situation als Gewaltopfer zu erkennen, die Folgen der Gewalt gerichtsfest zu dokumentieren und weitere Hilfsangebote zu unterbreiten. Gewaltopfer werden oft primär in einer traumatologischen Ambulanz vorstellig, somit handelt es sich bei der Optimierung der Gewaltopferversorgung um ein relevantes traumatologisches Thema, dem bisher nur wenig Beachtung zufiel. Ziel dieser Studie war die Überprüfung der Notwendigkeit einer interdisziplinären Verbundversorgung zur gezielten Betreuung von Gewaltopfern. Material und Methoden: Unter Verwendung eines einheitlichen Datenblatts erfolgte für das Jahr 2004 eine retrospektive Aktenanalyse aller ambulanten und stationären Patienten eines Traumazentrums im Hinblick auf das Vorliegen eines Gewaltkontexts. Alle so definierten Fälle wurden erfasst und die Daten deskriptiv nach den Stichworten Alter, Geschlecht, Fakten zur Gewalttat, Gewaltfolgen, Art und Umfang der Befunddokumentation sowie Veranlassung weiterer Maßnahmen ausgewertet. Hierbei wurde zwischen „häuslicher Gewalt“ und der Gewalt im öffentlichen Raum differenziert. Ergebnisse: Es wurden die Akten von 7132 Patienten ausgewertet. Insgesamt konnten 347 Gewaltopfer ermittelt werden (109 Opfer von Gewalt im öffentlichen Raum, 59 Opfer häuslicher Gewalt, 179 unklare Fälle). Dies entspricht einem Anteil von 4,9 % aller Behandelten. Der Altersdurchschnitt der Gewaltopfer betrug 30,6 Jahre. Auffällig war in vielen Fällen die lückenhafte Anamnese und Dokumentation. Schlussfolgerung: Es fand sich eine hohe Präsenz von Gewaltopfern im Rahmen der traumatologischen Versorgung. Mit Blick auf die festgestellten Lücken in der Betreuung besteht die Notwendigkeit einer ärztlichen Schulung und interdisziplinären Versorgung von Gewaltopfern.
Abstract
Background: People who have become victims of violence have manifold problems. Besides medical diagnostics and therapy, it is necessary to recognise the situation in which these patients have become such victims, to document the consequences of this violence for use in court and to offer further assistance. Victims of violence often contact primarily a trauma ambulance. The optimisation of the medical treatment of the victims is a relevant traumatological topic, which so far has received only very scant attention. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the necessity for an interdisciplinary combination of treatments for the targeted treatment of these victims. Material and Methods: Using a standardised data card a retrospective data analysis of all out-patients and all in-patients of a trauma centre with regard to the existence of a violent context was carried out for the year 2004. All such cases were included and the data were evaluated descriptively according to age, gender, information about the act of violence, consequences thereof, type and scope of the diagnostic findings, as well as inducements for further measures. In this context we differentiated between “domestic violence” and “public violence”. Results: The data of 7132 patients were evaluated. Altogether 347 victims of violence were identified (among them 109 victims of “public violence”, 59 victims of domestic violence, and 179 cases that could not be allocated clearly). This results in a quota of 4.9 % of all patients treated. The average age of the victims was 30.6 years. It was striking that in many cases the anamnesis and documentation were rather fragmentary. Conclusion: A very high percentage of victims of violence could be found among the patients needing traumatological treatment. With regard to the fragmentary care there is an enormous need for medical training and interdisciplinary treatment of victims of violence.
Schlüsselwörter
häusliche Gewalt - interpersonelle Gewalt - Gewaltopferambulanz - interdisziplinäre Verbundversorgung - Trauma
Key words
domestic violence - interpersonal violence - victims of violence - interdisciplinary treatment - trauma
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Dr. Michael Wild
Klinik für Unfall- und Handchirurgie Heinrich-Heine-Universität
Moorenstraße 5
40225 Düsseldorf
Phone: 02 11/8 10 44 00
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Email: post@michaelwild.de