Synthesis of Trinitromethyl- and Dinitromethyl-Substituted Azoles Using Nitrate Salts in Sulfuric Acid

Abstract

Synthesis of trinitromethyl and dinitromethyl-substituted azoles employing a mild and efficient nitration method has been developed using a mixture of sulfuric acid and an inorganic nitrate salt XNO₃, where X = NH₄ ⁺, Na⁺, K⁺. This methodology exhibits clear advantages over the more popular mixed acids nitration approach. Various nitro functionalities such as C-trinitromethyl, N-trinitromethyl, and dinitromethyl ester containing azoles were prepared in moderate to excellent yields with reduced reaction times using this method.

Key words

nitrate salts - mixed acids - nitration - polynitroazoles - trinitromethyls - energetic materials

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