Download PDF
Neuropediatrics 2011; 42(06): 254-256
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1295477
Short Communication
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Cerebrospinal Fluid IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia during Chemotherapy

P. T. Protas
1   Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
,
A. Holownia
1   Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
,
K. Muszynska-Roslan
2   Department of Paediatric Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
,
P. Wielgat
1   Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
,
M. Krawczuk-Rybak
2   Department of Paediatric Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
,
J. J. Braszko
1   Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 28 December 2011

accepted 03 November 2011

Publication Date:
05 December 2011 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokines during chemotherapy of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Examination of 12 ALL child (6 boys and 6 girls) patients evidenced significant increases in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) after induction treatment and significant increases in IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and MCP-1 levels during the consolidation phase, as compared to their values at the time of diagnosis. There were no significant differences in CSF IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 concentrations after therapy. Our data suggest that standard ALL treatment may cause a subclinical inflammation and neurotoxicity.

Key words

acute lymphoblastic leukaemia - chemotherapy - IL-6 - MCP-1 - neurotoxicity - TNF-α
 

  • References

  • 1 Al-Gayyar MM, Eissa LA, Rabie AM et al. Measurements of oxidative stress status and antioxidant activity in chronic leukaemia patients. J Pharm Pharmacol 2007; 59: 409-417
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Allan SM, Rothwell NJ. Inflammation in central nervous system injury. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2003; 358: 1669-1677
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Battisti V, Maders LD, Bagatini MD et al. Measurement of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Clin Biochem 2008; 41: 511-518
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Cole PD, Kamen BA. Delayed neurotoxicity associated with therapy for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 2006; 12: 174-183
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 de Lemos ML, Monfared S, Denyssevych T et al. Evaluation of osmolality and pH of various concentrations of methotrexate, cytarabine, and thiotepa prepared in normal saline, sterile water for injection, and lactated Ringer’s solution for intrathecal administration. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2009; 15: 45-52
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 6 Eisenkraft A, Keidan I, Bielorai B et al. MCP-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2006; 30: 1259-1261
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Ek T, Jarfelt M, Mellander L et al. Proinflammatory cytokines mediate the systemic inflammatory response associated with high-dose cytarabine treatment in children. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001; 37: 459-464
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Iuvone L, Mariotti P, Colosimo C et al. Long-term cognitive outcome, brain computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging in children cured for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer 2002; 95: 2562-2570
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Kadan-Lottick NS, Brouwers P, Breiger D et al. Comparison of neurocognitive functioning in children previously randomly assigned to intrathecal methotrexate compared with triple intrathecal therapy for the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 5986-5992
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Kingma A, van Dommelen RI, Mooyaart EL et al. Slight cognitive impairment and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities but normal school levels in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia with chemotherapy only. J Pediatr 2001; 139: 413-420
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Mazor D, Abucoider A, Meyerstein N et al. Antioxidant status in pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and solid tumors: the impact of oxidative stress. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 51: 613-615
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Mazur B, Mertas A, Sońta-Jakimczyk D et al. Concentration of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after cessation of chemotherapy. Hematol Oncol 2004; 22: 27-34
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Müller-Hübenthal B, Azemar M, Lorenzen D et al. Tumor biology: tumour-associated inflammation versus antitumor immunity. Anticancer Res 2009; 29: 4795-4805
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Nathan PC, Wasilewski-Masker K, Janzen LA. Long-term outcomes in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2009; 23: 1065-1082
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 Pui CH, Robison LL, Look AT. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet 2008; 371: 1030-1043
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Pui CH. Central nervous system disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: prophylaxis and treatment. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2006; 142-146
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Schetter AJ, Heegaard NH, Harris CC. Inflammation and cancer: interweaving microRNA, free radical, cytokine and p53 pathways. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31: 37-49
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Schmiegelow K. Advances in individual prediction of methotrexate toxicity: a review. Br J Haematol 2009; 146: 489-503
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Shuper A, Stark B, Kornreich L et al. Methotrexate-related neurotoxicity in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Isr Med Assoc J 2002; 4: 1050-1053
    PubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Vezmar S, Schüsseler P, Becker A et al. Methotrexate-associated alterations of the folate and methyl-transfer pathway in the CSF of ALL patients with and without symptoms of neurotoxicity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 52: 26-32
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar