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Aktuelle Rheumatologie 2012; 37(03): 189-195
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1304609
Übersichtsarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Sport, Immunsystem und rheumatologische Erkrankungen

Exercise, Immune System and Rheumatoid Arthritis
K. Krüger
1   Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Science, Gießen
,
F. C. Mooren
1   Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Science, Gießen
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
08 March 2012 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Eine Vielzahl von Erfahrungsberichten vermittelt ein janusköpfiges Bild des Einflusses körperlicher Aktivität auf das Immunsystem. Während intensive Belastungen pro-inflammatorische Wirkungen auf den Körper haben und in der Nachbelastungsphase eine temporäre Immunsuppression auslösen können, hat moderate Aktivität eine eher anti-inflammatorische Wirkung und kann die Immunfunktion positiv regulieren. In diesem Zusammenhang diskutiert die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit, inwiefern der systemische inflammatorische Status bei Patienten mit rheumatologischer Grunderkrankung durch regelmäßige moderate Aktivität positiv reguliert werden kann. Besonders der durch Inaktivität und systemischer Entzündung induzierten rheumatischen Kachexie kann durch entsprechend gestaltete Trainingsprogramme entgegengewirkt werden, indem Muskelmasse erhalten und anti-entzündliche Prozesse eingeleitet werden. Die bisherigen Kenntnisse zum Zusammenhang von körperlicher Aktivität und Immunsystem lassen daher spekulieren, dass eine Kombination aus Krafttraining und Ausdauertraining dem Rheuma-Patienten therapeutisch helfen können. Wir würden daher ein regelmäßiges moderates Ausdauertraining empfehlen, welches mit einem Krafttraining mittlerer Intensität kombiniert werden sollte. Die Sporttauglichkeit und Trainingsintensitäten sollten in einer vorherigen leistungsdiagnostischen Untersuchung festgelegt werden.

Abstract

There is no doubt that physical activity is an important modulator of the immune system. While intensive exercise is followed by the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and temporary immunosuppression after the exercise, moderate exercise has anti-inflammatory effects and increases the functional properties of some components of the immune system. In this framework, the following review discusses a potential positive-regulating effect of exercise training on the systemic low-grade inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In particular, we focus on the effects of regular exercise training in reversing rheumatoid cachexia by its anti-inflammatory effects and by increasing muscle mass and function. Therefore, we would recommend to combine endurance training with resistance training for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In particular, patients should perform a regular moderate endurance exercise training with a resistance training programme of moderate intensity. Patient suitablity and exercise intensity should be determined by a prior medical performance testing.

Schlüsselwörter

Rheumatoide Arthritis - Immunsystem - Sport - Entzündung

Key words

rheumatoid arthritis - immune system - exercise - inflammation
 

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