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Aktuelle Neurologie 2012; 39(05): 220-235
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1304620
Übersicht
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Schlaganfälle: Einfluss körperlicher Aktivität auf die Prävalenz und die Behinderung

Impact of Physical Activity on the Prevalence and Course of Stroke
C. D. Reimers
1   Klinik für Neurologie, Zentralklinik Bad Berka GmbH
,
G. Knapp
2   Fakultät Statistik, Technische Universität Dortmund
,
A. K. Reimers
3   Sportwissenschaft, Universität Konstanz
,
B. Griewing
4   Akutneurologie – Klinische Neurophysiologie – Stroke Unit, Neurologische Klinik GmbH, Bad Neustadt
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
12 June 2012 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Schlaganfälle sind in Industrienationen die dritthäufigste Todesursache. Hauptursache ist Arteriosklerose. Regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität beeinflusst verschiedene zerebrovaskuläre Risikofaktoren günstig (arterielle Hypertonie, Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidämien, Adipositas) und beugt damit der Schlaganfallentstehung vor. Nach wie vor nicht generell akzeptiert ist ein direkter präventiver Effekt körperlicher Aktivität unabhängig von diesen atherogenen Faktoren. Die vorliegende Übersicht kommt anhand einer Meta-Analyse von prospektiven randomisierten Kohortenstudien zu dem Ergebnis, dass Hirninfarkte unabhängig von anderen Risikofaktoren bei körperlich aktiven Männern um 27%, Hirnblutungen 40% seltener auftreten als bei inaktiven. Bei Frauen sind die Unterschiede geringer und erreichen das Signifikanzniveau nicht. Körperliche Aktivität ist daher zumindest bei Männern eine effektive, nebenwirkungsfreie und kostenarme Primärprävention von Schlaganfällen.

Abstract

Stroke is the third most common cause of death in industrialised countries. Most strokes are due to arteriosclerosis. Regular physical activity has beneficial impacts on several cerebrovascular risks, e. g., arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, and obesity, and thus may prevent strokes. A direct preventive effect of regular physical activity on the stroke-incidence, independently from other risk factors, how­ever is still not generally accepted. This review is based on a meta-analysis of prospective, randomized cohort studies and proves that physically active men have a 27% reduced risk of suffering from cerebral infarcts and a 40% reduced risk of cerebral bleedings. In women the differences between active and inactive individuals are less clear and do not reach statistical significance. Physical activity thus serves as an effective and inexpensive primary prevention of strokes, at least in males.

Schlüsselwörter

Schlaganfall - Hirninfarkt - Hirnblutung - Sport - körperliche Aktivität

Key words

stroke - cerebral infarction - cerebral hemorrhage - exercise - physical activity
 

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