Zusammenfassung
Anliegen: Spezifizierung der bei Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung (IM) häufig auftretenden Verhaltensstörungen (VS).
Methode: Bei Menschen mit IM, VS und diskrepanter emotionaler Entwicklung (n = 9) werden durch standardisierte Verhaltensanalysen spezifische Störungsbilder herausgearbeitet und mit einer Kontrollgruppe verglichen.
Ergebnis: Blockaden der emotionalen Entwicklung können zu (1) Kontaktstörungen, (2) desintegrierten und (3) desorganisierten VS führen.
Schlussfolgerungen: Bei der Diagnostik und Therapie von VS sollte die emotionale Entwicklungsstörung in Betracht gezogen werden.
Abstract
Objective: To specify frequently observed challenging behavior in adults with ID.
Methods: In a sample of individuals with ID and severe behavioral problems (n = 9), we assessed their emotional developmental level using Dosen’s Scheme for Appraisal of Emotional Development. The clinical characteristics following the arrest of emotional development at various levels were evaluated by standardized behavioral assessments. The results were compared to a control group matched for sex, age, level of ID, and presence of autism spectrum disorder.
Results: We observed 3 categories of emotional developmental disorder: (1) Contact disorder (arrest in adaptation phase, 0 – 6 months, showing self injury, social withdrawal, stereotyped behaviors); (2) disintegrated disorder (arrest in socialization phase, 6 – 18 months, showing high irritability and aggression), and (3) disorganized disorder (arrest in individuation phase, 18 – 36 months, showing hyperactivity and attention seeking behavior).
The individuals with emotional developmental disorders showed a significant increase in challenging behavior when compared to the control group, especially in terms of hyperactivity, irritability, and overall aggression, and were more often unemployed.
Conclusions: Emotional developmental disorders may lead to severe behavioral problems.
Schlüsselwörter
Intelligenzminderung - Verhaltensstörung - psychische Erkrankung - emotionale Entwicklung - Diagnostik
Keywords
intellectual disability - challenging behavior - mental disorder - emotional development - diagnostics