Akute Herzinsuffizienz

• Literatur

• 1 Remme WJ, Swedberg K. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2001; 22: 1527-1560
• 2 Ghali JK, Cooper R, Ford E. Trends in hospitalization rates for heart failure in the United States, 1973–1986. Evidence for increasing population prevalence. Arch Intern Med 1990; 150: 769-773
• 3 Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filippatos G et al. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008. Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 2388-2442
• 4 Ebelt H, Werdan K. Emergency therapy for acute heart failure. Internist (Berl) 2007; 48: 938-947
• 5 Flaherty JD, Bax JJ, De Luca L et al. Acute heart failure syndromes in patients with coronary artery disease early assessment and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53: 254-263
• 6 Nohria A, Tsang SW, Fang JC et al. Clinical assessment identifies hemodynamic profiles that predict outcomes in patients admitted with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 1797-1804
• 7 Rawles JM, Kenmure AC. Controlled trial of oxygen in uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Br Med J 1976; 1: 1121-1123
• 8 Werdan K, Russ M, Buerke M et al. Deutsch-österreichische S3-Leitlinie „Infarktbedingter kardiogener Schock – Diagnose, Monitoring und Therapie“. Kardiologe 2011; 5: 166-224
• 9 Mebazaa A, Parissis J, Porcher R et al. Short-term survival by treatment among patients hospitalized with acute heart failure: the global ALARM-HF registry using propensity scoring methods. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37: 290-301
• 10 Nieminen MS, Bohm M, Cowie MR et al. Executive summary of the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute heart failure: the Task Force on Acute Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 384-416
• 11 Reves JG, Erdmann W, Mardis M et al. Evidence for existence of intramyocardial steal. Adv Exp Med Biol 1977; 94: 755-760
• 12 Jain P, Massie BM, Gattis WA et al. Current medical treatment for the exacerbation of chronic heart failure resulting in hospitalization. Am Heart J 2003; 145 (Suppl. 02) 3-17
• 13 Fonarow GC. Comparative effectiveness of diuretic regimens. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 877-878
• 14 Cotter G, Weissgarten J, Metzkor E et al. Increased toxicity of high-dose furosemide versus low-dose dopamine in the treatment of refractory congestive heart failure. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997; 62: 187-193
• 15 Chen ZM, Pan HC, Chen YP et al. Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 1622-1632
• 16 Spargias KS, Hall AS, Ball SG. Safety concerns about digoxin after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1999; 354: 391-392
• 17 Katz AM. Potential deleterious effects of inotropic agents in the therapy of chronic heart failure. Circulation 1986; 73: III 184-190
• 18 Metra M, Nodari S, D'Aloia A et al. Beta-blocker therapy influences the hemodynamic response to inotropic agents in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 1248-1258
• 19 De Backer D, Biston P, Devriendt J et al. Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 779-789
• 20 Schrier RW. Role of diminished renal function in cardiovascular mortality: marker or pathogenetic factor?. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47: 1-8
• 21 Marenzi G, Lauri G, Grazi M et al. Circulatory response to fluid overload removal by extracorporeal ultrafiltration in refractory congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38: 963-968
• 22 Costanzo MR, Guglin ME, Saltzberg MT et al. Ultrafiltration versus intravenous diuretics for patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49: 675-683
• 23 Sjauw KD, Engstrom AE, Vis MM et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of intra-aortic balloon pump therapy in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: should we change the guidelines?. Eur Heart J 2009; 30: 459-468
• 24 Ebelt H, Werdan K. Intensive care medicine 2009. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009; 134: 1326-1328
• 25 Gracin N, Johnson MR, Spokas D et al. The use of APACHE II scores to select candidates for left ventricular assist device placement. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation. J Heart Lung Transplant 1998; 17: 1017-1023
• 26 Michalsen A, Konig G, Thimme W. Preventable causative factors leading to hospital admission with decompensated heart failure. Heart 1998; 80: 437-441
• 27 Killip 3rd T, Kimball JT. Treatment of myocardial infarction in a coronary care unit. A two year experience with 250 patients. Am J Cardiol 1967; 20: 457-464
• 28 Dao Q, Krishnaswamy P, Kazanegra R et al. Utility of B-type natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in an urgent-care setting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37: 379-385