Periphere Hörstörungen und Spracherwerb

Zusammenfassung

Im Rahmen einer altersgemäßen Lautsprachentwicklung hat ein Kind bis zum 4. Geburtstag die wesentlichen sprachlichen Kompetenzen erworben. Die Fähigkeit, Laute wahrzunehmen und zu unterscheiden reift bereits während der ersten 8–10 Lebensmonate aus. Im Anschluss entwickeln sich weitere linguistische Fähigkeiten. Eine Hörstörung ist dann als sprachrelevant anzusehen, wenn ein bilateraler permanenter Hörverlust (>25 dB auf dem besser hörenden Ohr) im Hauptsprachbereich (zwischen 500 und 4 000 Hz) länger als 3 Monate bzw. permanent besteht. Diese Hörstörung bzw. im Extremfall eine Ertaubung wirkt sich vor allem dann aus, wenn sie prä- oder perilingual, d. h. bis zum Ende des 2. bzw. des 4. Lebensjahr auftritt. Eine frühe Hör­diagnostik und ggf. Einleitung einer Rehabilitation des Hörens wird deshalb gefordert.

Abstract

Hearing Impairment and Language Development

A child has the first 4 years of life in which to develop speech. The first 8–10 months see the ability to distinguish sounds; later comes further linguistic ability. A hearing impairment more than 25 dB in the better ear in the speech frequencies (500–4 000 Hz) for more than 3 months has clear consequences, especially in the first 4 years of life. Therefore early diagnosis and treatment with rehabilitation of hearing loss is important for proper speech development.

Schlüsselwörter

Hören - Sprache - Hörverlust - Diagnose - CI

Key words

hearing - language - hearing impairment

• Literatur

• 1 Wendlandt W. Sprachstörungen im Kindesalter. Forum Logopädie. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2006: 28-34
• 2 Neumann K, Keilmann A, Rosenfeld J, Zaretsky Y, Kiese-Himmel C. Sprachentwicklungsstörungen bei Kindern. Leitlinien der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie zur Kindheit und Entwicklung 2009; 18: 222-231
• 3 Jusezyk PW, Luce PA. Speech perception and spoken word recognition: past and present. Ear Hear 2002; 23 (01) 2-40
• 4 Cheour M, Ceponiene R, Lehtokoski A, Luuk A, Allik J, Alho K, Näätänen R. Development of language-specific phonem representations in the infant brain. Nat Neurosci 1998; 1 (05) 351-353
• 5 Kuhl PK, Williams KA, Lacerda F, Stevens KN, Lindblom B. Linguistic experience alters phonetic perception in infants by 6 months of age. Science 1992; 255: 606-608
• 6 Klann-Delius G. Spracherwerb. Stuttgart, Weimar: Metzler; 1999: 10-32
• 7 Rinker T. Language development, language development disorders and the brain. Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2009; 88 (07) 482-489
• 8 Böhme G. Sprach-, Sprech-, Stimm- und Schluckstörungen. Band 1: Klinik. München, Jena: Urban und Fischer Verlag; 2003: 23-30
• 9 Michaelis R. Das Grenzsteinprinzip als Orientierungshilfe für die pä­diatrische Entwicklungsbetrachtung. In: Schlack H.G.. Hrsg Entwicklungspädiatrie München: Hans Marseille; 2004: 123-129
• 10 Grohnefeldt M. Erhebung zum altersspezifischen Lautbestand bei drei- bis sechsjährigen Kindern. Die Sprachheilarbeit 1980; 25: 169-177
• 11 Friederici AD. The neural basis of language development and its impairment. Neuron 2006; 52 (06) 941-952
• 12 Zahnert T. The differential diagnosis of hearing loss. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2011; 108 (25) 433-443
• 13 WHO Grades of hearing impairment: www.who.int/pbd/deafness/hearing_impairment_grades/en/index.html
• 14 Sohn W. Schwerhörigkeit in Deutschland, Repräsentative Hörscreening-Untersuchung bei 2000 Probanden in 11 Allgemeinpraxen. Z Allg Med 2001; 77: 143-147
• 15 Gross M, Finckh-Krämer U, Spormann-Lagodzinski M. Congenital hearing disorders in children. 1: Acquired hearing disorders. HNO 2000; 48 (12) 879-886
• 16 Ptok M. Early detection of hearing impairment in newborns and infants. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2011; 108 (25) 426-431
• 17 Lenhardt E, Laszig R. Praxis der Audiometrie. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2000: 1-338
• 18 Blamey PJ, Sarant JZ, Paatsch LE, Barry JG, Bow CP, Wales RJ, Wright M, Psarros C, Rattigan K, Tooher R. Relationships among speech perception, production, language, hearing loss, and age in children with impaired hearing. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2001; 44 (02) 264-285
• 19 Wake M, Poulakis Z, Hughes EK, Carey-Sargeant C, Rickards FW. Hearing impairment: a population study of age at diagnosis, severity, and language outcomes at 7–8 years. Arch Dis Child 2005; 90 (03) 238-244
• 20 Ruben RJ. A time frame of critical/sensitive periods of language development. Acta Otolaryngol 1997; 117 (02) 202-205
• 21 Sininger YS, Grimes A, Christensen E. Auditory development in early amplified children: factors influencing auditory-based communication outcomes in children with hearing loss. Ear Hear 2010; 31 (02) 166-185
• 22 Eisenberg LS. Current state of knowledge: speech recognition and production in children with hearing impairment. Ear Hear 2007; 28 (06) 766-772
• 23 Wiesner T, Bohnert A, Massinger C. Konsensuspapier der DGPP zur Hörgeräte-Versorgung bei Kindern, verabschiedet 2002 und erweitert 2006 und 2007 auf der DGPP-Jahrestagung.
• 24 Mehl AL, Thomson V. The Colorado newborn hearing screening project, 1992–1999: on the threshold of effective population-based universal newborn hearing screening. Pediatrics 2002; 109 (01) E7
• 25 Fria TJ, Cantekin EI, Eichler JA. Hearing acuity of children with otitis media with effusion. Archives of otolaryngology 1985; 111 (01) 10-16
• 26 Lous J, Burton MJ, Felding JU, Ovesen T, Rovers MM, Williamson I. Grommets (ventilation tubes) for hearing loss associated with otitis media with effusion in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005; 25 (01) CD001801
• 27 Kouwen HB, DeJonckere PH. Prevalence of OME is reduced in young children using chewing gum. Ear Hear 2007; 28 (04) 451-455
• 28 Fiellau-Nikolajsen M. Epidemiology of secretory otitis media. A descriptive cohort study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1983; 92 (2 Pt 1) 172-177
• 29 Bess FH, Dodd-Murphy J, Parker RA. Children with minimal sensorineural hearing loss: prevalence, educational performance, and functional status. Ear Hear 1998; 19 (05) 339-354
• 30 Boothroyd A. Auditory perception of speech contrasts by subjects with sensorineural hearing loss. J Speech Hear Res 1984; 27 (01) 134-144
• 31 Tharpe AM. Unilateral and mild bilateral hearing loss in children: past and current perspectives. Trends Amplif 2008; 12 (01) 7-15
• 32 Davis A, Reeve K, Hind S, Bamford J. Children with mild and unilateral hearing impairment. In: Seewald RC, Gravel JS. (eds.). A Sound Foundation Through Early Amplification 2001: Proceedings of the second International Conference. Suffolk, UK: St. Edmundsbury Press; 2001: 179-186
• 33 Elfenbein JL, Hardin-Jones MA, Davis JM. Oral communication skills of children who are hard of hearing. J Speech Hear Res 1994; 37 (01) 216-226
• 34 Schönweiler R, Lisson JA, Schönweiler B, Eckardt A, Ptok M, Tränkmann J, Hausamen JE. A retrospective study of hearing, speech and language function in children with clefts following palatoplasty and veloplasty procedures at 18-24 months of age. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1999; 5;50 (03) 205-217
• 35 Beattie RC. Word recognition functions for the CID W-22 test in multitalker noise for normally hearing and hearing-impaired subjects. J Speech Hear Disord 1989; 54 (01) 20-32
• 36 Crandell CC. Speech recognition in noise by children with minimal degrees of sensorineural hearing loss. Ear Hear 1993; 14 (03) 210-216
• 37 Bess FH. The minimally hearing-impaired child. Ear Hear 1985; 6 (01) 43-47
• 38 Hick CB, Tharpe AM. Listening effort and fatigue in school-age children with and without hearing loss. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2002; 45 (03) 573-584
• 39 Vohr B, Jodoin-Krauzyk J, Tucker R, Johnson MJ, Topol D, Ahlgren M. Early language outcomes of early-identified infants with permanent hearing loss at 12 to 16 months of age. Pediatrics 2008; 122 (03) 535-544
• 40 Wendler J, Seidner W, Eysholdt U. Kochleäre Implantation, Lehrbuch der Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2005: 423-425
• 41 Probst R, Grevers G, Iro H. Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2000: 1-479
• 42 Klee TM, Davis-Dansky E. A comparison of unilaterally hearing-impaired children and normal-hearing children on a battery of standardized language tests. Ear Hear 1986; 7 (01) 27-37
• 43 Kiese-Himmel C. Unilateral sensorineural hearing impairment in childhood: analysis of 31 consecutive cases. Int J Audiol 2002; 41 (01) 57-63
• 44 Bess FH, Tharpe AM, Gibler AM. Auditory performance of children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Ear Hear 1986; 7 (01) 20-26
• 45 Bovo R, Martini A, Agnoletto M, Beghi A, Carmignoto D, Milani M, Zangaglia AM. Auditory and academic performance of children with unilateral hearing loss. Scand Audiol Suppl 1988; 30: 71-74
• 46 Ruscetta MN, Arjmand EM, Pratt SR. Speech recognition abilities in noise for children with severe-to-profound unilateral hearing impairment. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2005; 69 (06) 771-779
• 47 Welsh LW, Welsh JJ, Rosen LF, Dragonette JE. Functional impairments due to unilateral deafness. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2004; 113 (12) 987-993
• 48 English K, Church G. Unilateral hearing loss in children: an update for the 1990s. LSHHS. 1999 30. 26-31
• 49 Papsin BC, Gordon KA. Bilateral cochlear implants should be the standard for children with bilateral sensorineural deafness. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008; 16 (01) 69-74
• 50 AWMF-Leitlinie Periphere Hörstörungen im Kindesalter . Leitlinien der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie 2010; 20
• 51 Hildmann H, Hildmann A. Tympanic effusion. HNO 1993; 41 (09) 455-464
• 52 van den Aardweg MT, Schilder AG, Herkert E, Boonacker CW, Rovers MM. Adenoidectomy for otitis media in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 20 (01) CD007810
• 53 Moeller MP. Early intervention and language development in children who are deaf and hard of hearing. Pediatrics 2000; 106 (03) E43
• 54 Kennedy CR, McCann DC, Campbell MJ, Law CM, Mullee M, Petrou S, Watkin P, Worsfold S, Yuen HM, Stevenson J. Language ability after early detection of permanent childhood hearing impairment. N Engl J Med 2006; 354 (20) 2131-2141
• 55 Skuse DH. Extreme deprivation in early childhood. In: Bishop D, Mogfodd K. Hrsg Language Development in Exceptional Circumstances. Hilsdale: Erlbaum; 1993: 29-46
• 56 Svirsky MA, Teoh SW, Neuburger H. Development of language and speech perception in congenitally, profoundly deaf children as a function of age at cochlear implantation. Audiol Neurootol 2004; 9 (04) 224-233
• 57 Bortfeld H, Whithurst G. Sensitive periods to first language acquisition. In: Bailey D, Bruer J, Lichtmann J, Symons F. Hrsg Critical Thinking about Critical Periods; Perspectives from Biology, Psychology, and Education. Baltimore: Brooks Publishing; 2001: 173-192
• 58 Teoh SW, Pisoni DB, Miyamoto RT. Cochlear implantation in adults with prelingual deafness. Part I. Clinical results. Laryngoscope 2004; 114 (09) 1536-1540
• 59 Teoh SW, Pisoni DB, Miyamoto RT. Cochlear implantation in adults with prelingual deafness. Part II. Underlying constraints that affect audiological outcomes. Laryngoscope 2004; 114 (10) 1714-1719
• 60 Kral A, Hartmann R, Tillein J, Heid S, Klinke R. Delayed maturation and sensitive periods in the auditory cortex. Audiol Neurootol 2001; 6 (06) 346-362
• 61 Lenneberg EH. Biological Foundations of Language. New York: Wiey; 1967: 1-32
• 62 Govaerts PJ, De Beukelaer C, Daemers K, De Ceulaer G, Yperman M, Somers T, Schatteman I, Offeciers FE. Outcome of cochlear implantation at different ages from 0–6 years. Otol Neurotol 2002; 23 (06) 885-890
• 63 Peterson NR, Pisoni DB, Miyamoto RT. Cochlear implants and spoken language processing abilities: review and assessment of the literature 2010; 28 (02) 237-250
• 64 Yoshinaga-Itano C, Sedey AL, Coulter DK, Mehl AL. Language of early- and later-identified children with hearing loss. Pediatrics 1998; 102 (05) 1161-1171
• 65 Connor CM, Craig HK, Raudenbush SW, Heavner K, Zwolan TA. The age at which young deaf children receive cochlear implants and their vocabulary and speech-production growth: is there an added value for early implantation?. Ear Hear 2006; 27 (06) 628-644
• 66 Kirk KI, Miyamoto RT, Lento CL, Ying E, O’Neill T, Fears B. Effects of age at implantation in young children. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 2002; 189: 69-73
• 67 Osberger MJ, Zimmerman-Phillips S, Koch DB. Cochlear implant candidacy and performance trends in children. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 2002; 189: 62-65
• 68 Pulsifer MB, Salorio CF, Niparko JK. Developmental, audiological, and speech perception functioning in children after cochlear implant surgery. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003; 157 (06) 552-558
• 69 Holt RF, Svirsky MA. An exploratory look at pediatric cochlear implantation: is earliest always best?. Ear Hear 2008; 29 (04) 492-511
• 70 Miyamoto RT, Houston DM, Kirk KI, Perdew AE, Svirsky MA. Language development in deaf infants following cochlear implantation. Acta Otolaryngol 2003; 123 (02) 241-244
• 71 Young NM. Infant cochlear implantation and anesthetic risk. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 2002; 189: 49-51
• 72 Yoshinaga-Itano C, Gravel JS. The evidence for universal newborn hearing screening. Am J Audiol 2001; 10 (02) 62-64
• 73 Korver AM, Konings S, Dekker FW, Beers M, Wever CC, Frijns JH, Oudesluys-Murphy AM. DECIBEL Collaborative Study Group. Newborn hearing screening vs later hearing screening and developmental outcomes in children with permanent childhood hearing impairment. JAMA 2010; 304 (15) 1701-1708
• 74 Schramm D, Fitzpatrick E, Séguin C. Cochlear implantation for adolescents and adults with prelinguistic deafness. Otol Neurotol. Sep 2002; 23 (05) 698-703
• 75 Snik AF, Makhdoum MJ, Vermeulen AM, Brokx JP, van den Broek P. The relation between age at the time of cochlear implantation and long-term speech perception abilities in congenitally deaf subjects. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1997; 41 (02) 121-131
• 76 Manrique M, Paloma V, Cervera-Paz FJ, Ruiz de Erenchun I, Garcia-Tapia R. Pitfalls in cochlear implant surgery in children. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1995; 50: 45-50
• 77 Manrique M, Cervera-Paz FJ, Huarte A, Perez N, Molina M, García-Tapia R. Cerebral auditory plasticity and cochlear implants. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1999; 5 (49) (Suppl. 01) S193-S197
• 78 Waltzman SB, Roland Jr JT, Cohen NL. Delayed implantation in congenitally deaf children and adults. Otol Neurotol 2002; 23 (03) 333-340
• 79 Lenarz T. Cochlear implants: selection criteria and shifting borders. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg 1998; 52: 183-199
• 80 Snik AF, Vermeulen AM, Geelen CP, Brokx JP, van der Broek P. Speech perception performance of congenitally deaf patients with a cochlear implant: the effect of age at implantation. Am J Otol 1997; 18 (6 Suppl) S138-S139
• 81 Gray RF, Jones SE, Court I. Cochlear implantation for progressive hearing loss. Arch Dis Child 2003; 88 (08) 708-711
• 82 Helms J, Müller J. Selection of a cochlear implant and results of implantation. Laryngorhinootologie 1999; 78 (01) 12-13
• 83 NIH consensus conference [No authors listed]. Cochlear implants in adults and children. JAMA 274 (24) 1955-1961