Das Training sozialer Fertigkeiten bei schweren psychischen Erkrankungen – ist es wirksam?

Zusammenfassung

Anliegen: Darstellung der Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit des Trainings sozialer Fertigkeiten bei Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen.

Methode: Systematische Literaturrecherche nach systematischen Reviews und randomisierten Studien (RCTs) in elektronischen Datenbanken und zusätzliche Handsuche.

Ergebnisse: Vier Reviews und 7 RCTs weisen auf signifikante Effekte hinsichtlich erweiterter sozialer Fertigkeiten sowie einer verbesserten sozialen Anpassung der Betroffenen hin. Weniger eindeutig sind die Effekte auf andere Zielgrößen.

Schlussfolgerungen: Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen sollten ein Training sozialer Fertigkeiten erhalten, das bei Vorliegen kognitiver Defizite durch kognitive Übungsstrategien ergänzt werden sollte. Erforderlich sind Techniken, die den Transfer in den Alltag unterstützen.

Abstract

Objective: To report about existing evidence of effectiveness of social skills training for severely mentally ill adults.

Methods: Systematic electronic and manual literature search for systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

Results: Social skills training is a widely used intervention for people with severe mental illness. We identified four reviews and seven RCTs demonstrating the efficacy and effectiveness of social skills training. Results suggest that patients would benefit from trainings by improving social skills and social functioning. There are ambiguous results regarding other outcomes.

Conclusions: People with severe mental illness should be provided with social skills training, if necessary, combined with cognitive remediation. Those techniques are required which actively support the generalization of positive achievements into patients’ natural environments.

Schlüsselwörter

schwere psychische Störungen - Training sozialer Fertigkeiten - psychosoziale Interventionen - Wirksamkeit - Evidenz

Keywords

severe mental illness - social skills training - psychosocial treatment - efficacy - evidence

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