Ernährung bei neurologischen Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Viele neurologische Erkrankungen führen zu einer Dysphagie. Mögliche Komplikationen einer Dysphagie sind u. a. Aspirationspneumonie und Mangelernährung. In dem Artikel wird deshalb krankheitsübergreifend beschrieben, wie bei neurologischen Erkrankungen ein Screening (welches z. B. durch examiniertes Pflegepersonal durchgeführt werden kann) und ein Assessment (welches in der Regel von Logopäden und in der Dysphagiediagnostik erfahrenen Ärzten durchgeführt wird) erfolgen soll.

In einem 2. Abschnitt wird für die wichtigsten neurologischen Krankheitsbilder (akuter Schlaganfall, Morbus Parkinson, Chorea Huntington, Multiple Sklerose und Epilepsie) die Bedeutung ernährungsmedizinischer Therapien beschrieben.

Abstract

Many neurologic disorders lead to dysphagia. Complications of dysphagia include aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition. In this article, procedures for the screening (which may be conducted by qualified nursing staff) and assessment (which is usually performed by speech-language therapists or by physicians with special experience in dysphagia assessment) are described.

In the second part of this article, the nutritional therapy for important neurologic diseases (Stroke, Parkinsons disease, Chorea Huntington, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy) are described.

Schlüsselwörter

Dysphagie - Dysphagiescreening - Neurologie - Schlaganfall - Morbus Parkinson - Multiple Sklerose

Keywords

dysphagia - dysphagia screening - neurology - stroke - Parkinson’s disease - multiple sclerosis

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