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Int J Sports Med 2014; 35(01): 69-74
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1343404
Training & Testing
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Neuromuscular Adaptations to Constant vs. Variable Resistance Training in Older Men

S. Walker
1   Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
,
H. Peltonen
1   Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
,
J. Sautel
1   Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
,
C. Scaramella
1   Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
,
W. J. Kraemer
2   Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
,
J. Avela
1   Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
,
K. Häkkinen
1   Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History



accepted after revision 06 March 2013

Publication Date:
03 July 2013 (online)

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Abstract

This study examined the effects of constant or variable external resistance training on neuromuscular adaptations in the lower limbs of older men. 37 subjects (age 65±4 year) were quasi-randomly assigned to the constant or variable training group, or a non-training control group. Training consisted of a 20-week medium-intensity, high volume resistance training program. Maximum bilateral concentric and isometric force production of the leg extensors as well as repetitions-to-failure test were performed pre-, mid- and post-training. Vastus lateralis muscle cross-sectional area was assessed by ultrasound and lean leg mass was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Both training groups significantly increased force production of the leg extensors (variable: 26 kg, 95% CI=12–39, P<0.01; constant: 31 kg, 95% CI=19–43, P<0.01) and VL cross-sectional area (variable: 1.5 cm2, 95% CI=0.03–3.1, P=0.046; constant: 3 cm2, 95% CI=1.2–4.8, P=0.002). However, only the variable training group significantly improved repetitions to failure performance (704 kg, 95% CI=45–1 364, P=0.035). Only the variable resistance training group improved fatigue-resistance properties, which may be an important adaptation to maintain exercise and functional capacity in older individuals.

Key words

force production - hypertrophy - neural adaptation - quadriceps
 

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