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DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1351062
Radiofrequenzkyphoplastie in Kombination mit posteriorer Fixierung zur Behandlung von Wirbelsäulenfrakturen
Radiofrequency Kyphoplasty Combined with Posterior Fixation in The Treatment of Burst FracturesPublication History
Publication Date:
17 December 2013 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung: Im Rahmen der prospektiven Studie soll ein Nachweis der Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der Radiofrequenzkyphoplastie in Kombination mit zusätzlicher posteriorer Fixierung anhand einer statistischen Auswertung von Behandlungsdaten erbracht werden. Material und Methoden: Es wurden 19 Patienten (Alter: 74,5 ± 7,2 Jahre) mit osteoporotischen Wirbelkörperfrakturen in die Studie eingeschlossen, die aufgrund einer ausgeprägten Fehlstellung eine operative Korrektur der Fraktur benötigten. Bei allen Patienten wurde eine Augmentation mittels Radiofrequenzkyphoplastie vorgenommen, verbunden mit einer posterioren Fixierung durch zementaugmentierbare Schrauben. Zur Bewertung der Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit wurden die Schmerzintensität mittels der visuellen Analogskala (VAS) und die Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität durch den Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) ermittelt. Zudem erfolgte eine radiologische Auswertung der anterioren und medialen Wirbelkörperhöhe und des Kyphosewinkels sowie die Erhebung von aufgetretenen Zementextrusionen. Alle Daten wurden zu den Zeitpunkten präoperativ, 3–4 Tage postoperativ, 3 Monate und 6 Monate postoperativ erhoben. Resultate: Durch die Behandlung konnten unmittelbar postoperativ signifikante Verbesserungen des mittleren VAS und ODI erzielt werden (pVAS < 0,001, pODI < 0,001). Der postoperative Verlauf zeigte von jedem Untersuchungstermin zum folgenden eine weitere Verbesserung des VAS und ODI (pVAS_post–3 M < 0,001, pVAS_3 M–6 M = 0,17, pODI_post–3 M < 0,001, pODI_3 M–6 M = 0,004). Bezüglich der Wirbelkörperhöhe des augmentierten Wirbels konnte postoperativ eine signifikante Aufrichtung des Wirbelkörpers erreicht werden (p_anterior < 0,001, p_medial < 0,001), die jedoch im folgenden postoperativen Verlauf wieder leicht absank. Der Kyphosewinkel konnte ebenfalls durch den Eingriff signifikant reduziert werden (p < 0,001), wobei dieser im folgenden Verlauf wieder zunahm (p_post–3 M = 0,023, p_3 M–6 M = 0,016), jedoch immer noch deutlich geringer ausgeprägt war als präoperativ. Bei 3 Patienten (15,79 %) kam es während des Eingriffs zu Zementextrusionen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Radiofrequenzkyphoplastie erwies sich in Verbindung mit posteriorer Fixierung als eine wirksame und sichere Therapie für Wirbelkörperfrakturen mit vergleichbaren Anteilen von Zementextrusionen zur Ballonkyphoplastie.
Abstract
Purpose: Radiofrequency kyphoplasty is an advancement of the balloon kyphoplasty and offers comparable results with a shorter operation time and a lower risk of cement leakage. This prospective study investigates the outcome of radiofrequency kyphoplasty in combination with posterior fixation by a cement-augmented screw system. Accordingly, statistical analyses of the treatment data were performed. Materials and Methods: 19 patients (mean age: 74.5 ± 7.2 years) with osteoporotic vertebral burst fractures were included in the study. All of them required a surgical intervention for treating the fracture. Thereby, the vertebrae were augmented by radiofrequency kyphoplasty and a posterior fixation by cement-augmentable screws was performed. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the procedure, pain was measured with the visual analog scale (VAS) and functional impairment was analysed by measuring the Oswestry disability index (ODI). Furthermore, a radiographic analysis of the anterior and medial height of the vertebrae and the degree of kyphosis were undertaken. All data were recorded preoperatively, 3 to 4 days postoperatively, 3 months postoperatively and 6 months postoperatively and any additionally occurring cement leakage was documented. Results: The treatment showed a significant reduction of pain and improvement of the functional impairment at the 3 to 4 days postoperative evaluation (pVAS < 0.001, pODI < 0.001). The further follow-ups demonstrated an ongoing improvement of the VAS and ODI from each measurement to the next (pVAS_post–3 M < 0.001, pVAS_3 M–6 M = 0.17, pODI_post–3 M < 0.001, pODI_3 M–6 M = 0.004). The height of the vertebrae was significantly improved after the surgery (p_anterior < 0.001, p_medial < 0.001) and reduced slightly from follow-up to follow-up, but still remained higher than the preoperative value. The degree of kyphosis was also significantly improved after the surgery (p < 0.001), whereby a significant deterioration was shown at the following examinations (p_post-3 M = 0.023, p_3 M–6 M = 0.016). But even as the height decreased the degree of kyphosis was still improved in relation to the preoperative values. During the surgery cement leakage occurred in 3 cases (15.79 %). Conclusion: Radiofrequency kyphoplasty is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of vertebral compression fractures in combination with the use of posterior fixation by cement-augmentable screws with an acceptable rate of cement leakage.
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